ORACLE 18C启动报ORA-12754
从http://edelivery.oracle.com网上可以下载oracle 18c for exadata,在普通的linux平台可以正常安装,但是无法正常启动实例(dbca无法创建库),报错信息为:ORA-12754: Feature ‘startup’ is disabled due to missing capability ‘Runtime Environment’.

由于普通的linux而非真实oracle一体机,而该版本中做了限制,因此无法启动数据库.根据oracle的作风,对于引进的新特性,oracle一般都提供隐含参数或者event控制,通过分析确定有_exadata_feature_on参数进行控制.
修改脚本创建库参数
由于我们无法在dbca图形化的界面中增加新参数,因此可以通过生成创建库脚本,然后通过修改参数文件,增加_exadata_feature_on=true

[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$ ls -ltr *.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2252 Feb 28 09:22 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2264 Feb 28 09:28 initxffdbTempOMF.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2386 Feb 28 09:29 initxffdbTemp.ora

然后重新执行xffdb.sh脚本创建库

[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$ sh xffdb.sh
You should Add this entry in the /etc/oratab: xffdb:/u02/soft:Y
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 Production on Wed Feb 28 09:29:48 2018
Version 18.1.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Enter new password for SYS:
Enter new password for SYSTEM:
Enter password for SYS:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> spool /u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/CloneRmanRestore.log append
SQL> startup mount pfile="/u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/initxffdbTempOMF.ora";
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2432694552 bytes
Fixed Size                  8898840 bytes
Variable Size             654311424 bytes
Database Buffers         1761607680 bytes
Redo Buffers                7876608 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> execute dbms_backup_restore.resetCfileSection(dbms_backup_restore.RTYP_DFILE_COPY);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> execute dbms_backup_restore.resetCfileSection(13);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> host /u02/soft/bin/rman @/u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/rmanRestoreDatafiles.sql &&sysPassword;
Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Feb 28 09:30:08 2018
Version 18.1.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target *
2>
3> CATALOG START WITH   '/u02/soft/assistants/dbca/templates//Seed_Database.dfb'  NOPROMPT  ;
4>
5> RUN {
6>
7> set newname for datafile 1 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/system01.dbf' ;
8>
9> set newname for datafile 3 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/sysaux01.dbf' ;
10>
11> set newname for datafile 4 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/undotbs01.dbf' ;
12>
13> set newname for datafile 7 to  '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/XFFDB/users01.dbf' ;
14>
15> restore datafile 1;
16>
17> restore datafile 3;
18>
19> restore datafile 4;
20>
21> restore datafile 7; }
22>
connected to target database: SEEDDATA (DBID=1214140, not open)
……………………
SQL> set echo on
SQL> spool /u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/postPDBCreation.log append
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME from cdb_tablespaces a,dba_pdbs b where a.con_id=b.con_id and UPPER(b.pdb_name)=UPPER('pdb');
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
SQL> connect "SYS"/"&&sysPassword" as SYSDBA
Connected.
SQL> alter session set container=pdb;
Session altered.
SQL> set echo on
SQL> spool /u02/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/scripts/postPDBCreation.log append
SQL> Select count(*) from dba_registry where comp_id = 'DV' and status='VALID';
  COUNT(*)
----------
         1
SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;
Session altered.
SQL> exit;
Disconnected from Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.1.0.0.0
[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$

登录oracle 18c

[oracle@xifenfei scripts]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 18.0.0.0.0 Production on Wed Feb 28 09:40:08 2018
Version 18.1.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.1.0.0.0
SQL> set lines 150
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_FULL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BANNER_LEGACY                                                                        CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 18.1.0.0.0
Oracle Database 18c Enterprise Edition Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production                    0
SQL> col name for a52
SQL> col value for a24
SQL> col description for a50
SQL> set linesize 150
SQL> select a.ksppinm name,b.ksppstvl value,a.ksppdesc description
  2    from x$ksppi a,x$ksppcv b
  3   where a.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
  4     and b.inst_id = USERENV ('Instance')
  5     and a.indx = b.indx
  6     and upper(a.ksppinm) LIKE upper('%&param%')
  7  order by name
  8  /
Enter value for param: _exadata_feature_on
old   6:    and upper(a.ksppinm) LIKE upper('%&param%')
new   6:    and upper(a.ksppinm) LIKE upper('%_exadata_feature_on%')
NAME                                                 VALUE                    DESCRIPTION
---------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------
_exadata_feature_on                                  TRUE                     Exadata Feature On
SQL> show parameter name;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cdb_cluster_name                     string
cell_offloadgroup_name               string
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      xffdb
db_unique_name                       string      xffdb
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      xffdb
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
pdb_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
service_names                        string      xffdb
SQL>