一、试验环境和试验准备工作
1.源端

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $LANG
zh_CN.gb2312
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus hr/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:07:24 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> SELECT userenv('language') FROM dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
SQL> create table xifenfei (name varchar2(6));
Table created.
SQL> insert into xifenfei values('惜分飞');
1 row created.
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> /
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from xifenfei;
NAME
------
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞

2.目标端

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $LANG
zh_CN.gb2312
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 15:26:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> SELECT userenv('language') FROM dual;
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

二、导出测试表(xifenfei)
1.ZHS16GBK编码

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp hr/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
log=/tmp/xifenfei.log tables=xifenfei
Export: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:07:11 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                       XIFENFEI          4 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

2.AL32UTF8编码

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp hr/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei_new.dmp \
> log=/tmp/xifenfei_new.log tables=xifenfei
Export: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:38:14 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                       XIFENFEI          4 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

3.dmp文件比较
3.1)文件大小比较

[oracle@node1 ~]$ cd /tmp
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ ll *.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 16384 12-21 14:07 xifenfei.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 16384 12-21 14:38 xifenfei_new.dmp
虽然导出客户端设置了不步的编码，但是导出的文件大小相等

3.2)文件头部比较

--xifenfei.dmp
00000000h: 03 03 54 45 58 50 4F 52 54 3A 56 31 30 2E 30 32 ; ..TEXPORT:V10.02
00000010h: 2E 30 31 0A 44 48 52 0A 52 54 41 42 4C 45 53 0A ; .01.DHR.RTABLES.
00000020h: 38 31 39 32 0A 30 0A 33 32 0A 30 0A 03 54 03 54 ; 8192.0.32.0..T.T
00000030h: 07 D0 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00 20 ; .?............
00000040h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;
00000050h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;
00000060h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 57 65 64 20 44 65 63 ;          Wed Dec
00000070h: 20 32 31 20 31 34 3A 37 3A 31 32 20 32 30 31 31 ;  21 14:7:12 2011
00000080h: 2F 74 6D 70 2F 78 69 66 65 6E 66 65 69 2E 64 6D ; /tmp/xifenfei.dm
00000090h: 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ; p...............
--xifenfei_new.dmp
00000000h: 03 03 69 45 58 50 4F 52 54 3A 56 31 30 2E 30 32 ; ..iEXPORT:V10.02
00000010h: 2E 30 31 0A 44 48 52 0A 52 54 41 42 4C 45 53 0A ; .01.DHR.RTABLES.
00000020h: 38 31 39 32 0A 30 0A 33 32 0A 30 0A 03 69 03 54 ; 8192.0.32.0..i.T
00000030h: 07 D0 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 15 00 20 ; .?............
00000040h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;
00000050h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 ;
00000060h: 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 57 65 64 20 44 65 63 20 ;         Wed Dec
00000070h: 32 31 20 31 34 3A 33 38 3A 31 35 20 32 30 31 31 ; 21 14:38:15 2011
00000080h: 2F 74 6D 70 2F 78 69 66 65 6E 66 65 69 5F 6E 65 ; /tmp/xifenfei_ne
00000090h: 77 2E 64 6D 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ; w.dmp...........
--ZHS16GBK dmp 文件 第2,3字节为 0354
--AL32UTF8 dmp 文件 第2,3字节为 0369

3.3)比较dmp文件内容

--xifenfei.dmp
000020ceh: 2B 30 30 3A 30 30 00 00 04 00 42 59 54 45 06 00 ; +00:00....BYTE..
000020deh: 55 4E 55 53 45 44 01 00 32 0B 00 49 4E 54 45 52 ; UNUSED..2..INTER
000020eeh: 50 52 45 54 45 44 0B 00 44 49 53 41 42 4C 45 3A ; PRETED..DISABLE:
000020feh: 41 4C 4C 00 00 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 0A 54 ; ALL...METRICST.T
0000210eh: 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 0A ; ABLE "XIFENFEI".
0000211eh: 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 ; CREATE TABLE "XI
0000212eh: 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 20 ; FENFEI" ("NAME"
0000213eh: 56 41 52 43 48 41 52 32 28 36 29 29 20 20 50 43 ; VARCHAR2(6))  PC
0000214eh: 54 46 52 45 45 20 31 30 20 50 43 54 55 53 45 44 ; TFREE 10 PCTUSED
0000215eh: 20 34 30 20 49 4E 49 54 52 41 4E 53 20 31 20 4D ;  40 INITRANS 1 M
0000216eh: 41 58 54 52 41 4E 53 20 32 35 35 20 53 54 4F 52 ; AXTRANS 255 STOR
0000217eh: 41 47 45 28 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 20 36 35 35 33 ; AGE(INITIAL 6553
0000218eh: 36 20 4E 45 58 54 20 31 30 34 38 35 37 36 20 46 ; 6 NEXT 1048576 F
0000219eh: 52 45 45 4C 49 53 54 53 20 31 20 46 52 45 45 4C ; REELISTS 1 FREEL
000021aeh: 49 53 54 20 47 52 4F 55 50 53 20 31 20 42 55 46 ; IST GROUPS 1 BUF
000021beh: 46 45 52 5F 50 4F 4F 4C 20 44 45 46 41 55 4C 54 ; FER_POOL DEFAULT
000021ceh: 29 20 54 41 42 4C 45 53 50 41 43 45 20 22 55 53 ; ) TABLESPACE "US
000021deh: 45 52 53 22 20 4C 4F 47 47 49 4E 47 20 4E 4F 43 ; ERS" LOGGING NOC
000021eeh: 4F 4D 50 52 45 53 53 0A 49 4E 53 45 52 54 20 49 ; OMPRESS.INSERT I
000021feh: 4E 54 4F 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 ; NTO "XIFENFEI" (
0000220eh: 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 29 20 56 41 4C 55 45 53 20 28 ; "NAME") VALUES (
0000221eh: 3A 31 29 0A 01 00 01 00 06 00 54 03 01 00 00 00 ; :1).......T.....
0000222eh: 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 ; ....惜分飞....惜
0000223eh: B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 ; 分飞....惜分飞..
0000224eh: 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 FF FF 0A 4D 45 54 ; ..惜分飞...MET
0000225eh: 52 49 43 53 54 72 65 66 65 72 65 6E 74 69 61 6C ; RICSTreferential
0000226eh: 20 69 6E 74 65 67 72 69 74 79 20 63 6F 6E 73 74 ;  integrity const
0000227eh: 72 61 69 6E 74 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; raints.METRICET
0000228eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 74 72 69 67 67 65 ; 4.METRICSTtrigge
0000229eh: 72 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 ; rs.METRICET 4.ME
000022aeh: 54 52 49 43 53 54 62 69 74 6D 61 70 2C 20 66 75 ; TRICSTbitmap, fu
000022beh: 6E 63 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 61 6E 64 20 65 78 74 ; nctional and ext
000022ceh: 65 6E 73 69 62 6C 65 20 69 6E 64 65 78 65 73 0A ; ensible indexes.
000022deh: 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 ; METRICET 4.METRI
000022eeh: 43 53 54 70 6F 73 74 74 61 62 6C 65 73 20 61 63 ; CSTposttables ac
000022feh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 ; tions.METRICET 4
0000230eh: 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 50 6F 73 74 2D 69 6E ; .METRICSTPost-in
0000231eh: 73 74 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 61 6C 20 61 63 ; st procedural ac
0000232eh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; tions .METRICET
0000233eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 47 30 0A 45 58 49 ; 4.METRICETG0.EXI
0000234eh: 54 0A 45 58 49 54 0A                            ; T.EXIT.
--xifenfei_new.dmp
000020ceh: 2B 30 30 3A 30 30 00 00 04 00 42 59 54 45 06 00 ; +00:00....BYTE..
000020deh: 55 4E 55 53 45 44 01 00 32 0B 00 49 4E 54 45 52 ; UNUSED..2..INTER
000020eeh: 50 52 45 54 45 44 0B 00 44 49 53 41 42 4C 45 3A ; PRETED..DISABLE:
000020feh: 41 4C 4C 00 00 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 0A 54 ; ALL...METRICST.T
0000210eh: 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 0A ; ABLE "XIFENFEI".
0000211eh: 43 52 45 41 54 45 20 54 41 42 4C 45 20 22 58 49 ; CREATE TABLE "XI
0000212eh: 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 20 ; FENFEI" ("NAME"
0000213eh: 56 41 52 43 48 41 52 32 28 36 29 29 20 20 50 43 ; VARCHAR2(6))  PC
0000214eh: 54 46 52 45 45 20 31 30 20 50 43 54 55 53 45 44 ; TFREE 10 PCTUSED
0000215eh: 20 34 30 20 49 4E 49 54 52 41 4E 53 20 31 20 4D ;  40 INITRANS 1 M
0000216eh: 41 58 54 52 41 4E 53 20 32 35 35 20 53 54 4F 52 ; AXTRANS 255 STOR
0000217eh: 41 47 45 28 49 4E 49 54 49 41 4C 20 36 35 35 33 ; AGE(INITIAL 6553
0000218eh: 36 20 4E 45 58 54 20 31 30 34 38 35 37 36 20 46 ; 6 NEXT 1048576 F
0000219eh: 52 45 45 4C 49 53 54 53 20 31 20 46 52 45 45 4C ; REELISTS 1 FREEL
000021aeh: 49 53 54 20 47 52 4F 55 50 53 20 31 20 42 55 46 ; IST GROUPS 1 BUF
000021beh: 46 45 52 5F 50 4F 4F 4C 20 44 45 46 41 55 4C 54 ; FER_POOL DEFAULT
000021ceh: 29 20 54 41 42 4C 45 53 50 41 43 45 20 22 55 53 ; ) TABLESPACE "US
000021deh: 45 52 53 22 20 4C 4F 47 47 49 4E 47 20 4E 4F 43 ; ERS" LOGGING NOC
000021eeh: 4F 4D 50 52 45 53 53 0A 49 4E 53 45 52 54 20 49 ; OMPRESS.INSERT I
000021feh: 4E 54 4F 20 22 58 49 46 45 4E 46 45 49 22 20 28 ; NTO "XIFENFEI" (
0000220eh: 22 4E 41 4D 45 22 29 20 56 41 4C 55 45 53 20 28 ; "NAME") VALUES (
0000221eh: 3A 31 29 0A 01 00 01 00 06 00 54 03 01 00 00 00 ; :1).......T.....
0000222eh: 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 ; ....惜分飞....惜
0000223eh: B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 ; 分飞....惜分飞..
0000224eh: 06 00 CF A7 B7 D6 B7 C9 00 00 FF FF 0A 4D 45 54 ; ..惜分飞...MET
0000225eh: 52 49 43 53 54 72 65 66 65 72 65 6E 74 69 61 6C ; RICSTreferential
0000226eh: 20 69 6E 74 65 67 72 69 74 79 20 63 6F 6E 73 74 ;  integrity const
0000227eh: 72 61 69 6E 74 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; raints.METRICET
0000228eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 74 72 69 67 67 65 ; 4.METRICSTtrigge
0000229eh: 72 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 ; rs.METRICET 4.ME
000022aeh: 54 52 49 43 53 54 62 69 74 6D 61 70 2C 20 66 75 ; TRICSTbitmap, fu
000022beh: 6E 63 74 69 6F 6E 61 6C 20 61 6E 64 20 65 78 74 ; nctional and ext
000022ceh: 65 6E 73 69 62 6C 65 20 69 6E 64 65 78 65 73 0A ; ensible indexes.
000022deh: 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 ; METRICET 4.METRI
000022eeh: 43 53 54 70 6F 73 74 74 61 62 6C 65 73 20 61 63 ; CSTposttables ac
000022feh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 34 ; tions.METRICET 4
0000230eh: 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 53 54 50 6F 73 74 2D 69 6E ; .METRICSTPost-in
0000231eh: 73 74 20 70 72 6F 63 65 64 75 72 61 6C 20 61 63 ; st procedural ac
0000232eh: 74 69 6F 6E 73 20 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 20 ; tions .METRICET
0000233eh: 34 0A 4D 45 54 52 49 43 45 54 47 30 0A 45 58 49 ; 4.METRICETG0.EXI
0000234eh: 54 0A 45 58 49 54 0A                            ; T.EXIT.
--通过比较知道，不同客户端编码，导出的数据内容相同，
--都是一个汉字对应两个字节(说明是按照服务端编码导出)

三、导入测试表(xifenfei)
1.导入xifenfei.dmp(ZHS16GBK编码导出)
1.1)客户端编码设置ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
 log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:16:27 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞          0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

1.2)客户端编码设置为AL32UTF8

[oracle@node1 ~]$ echo $NLS_LANG
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:21:41 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you
import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
export client uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋         0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

2.导入xifenfei_new.dmp(AL32UTF8编码导出)
2.1)客户端编码设置ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei_new.dmp \
> log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:39:53 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
export client uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 惜分飞          0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

2.2)客户端编码设置为AL32UTF8

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei_new.dmp \
> log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:41:12 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you
import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋
IMP-00019: row rejected due to ORACLE error 12899
IMP-00003: ORACLE error 12899 encountered
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEST"."XIFENFEI"."NAME" (actual: 9, maximum: 6)
Column 1 鎯滃垎椋         0 rows imported
Import terminated successfully with warnings.

四、修改列长度，导入成功
无论源端客户端使用何种编码导出，目标端使用何种编码导入(仅限我这里说的AL32UTF8和ZHS16GBK),如果客户端编码是ZHS16GBK，验证数据的时候，可以省略掉设置编码的过程。

--导入报错后，登录数据库，修改列长度，因为目标端数据库编码是AL32UTF8，
--1个汉字占用3个字节修改列的程度满足错误提示的最大程度。
SQL> alter table xifenfei modify name varchar2(9);
Table altered.
[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp test/xifenfei file=/tmp/xifenfei.dmp \
log=/tmp/xifenfei_in.log tables=xifenfei fromuser=hr touser=test IGNORE=y
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Dec 21 14:25:07 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing option
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
Warning: the objects were exported by HR, not by you
import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
export client uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing HR's objects into TEST
. . importing table                     "XIFENFEI"          4 rows imported
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
--因为目标端客户端编码为AL32UTF8，而linux展示平台编码为gbk，所以出现乱码
--修改客户端编码后，查询乱码问题消失
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus test/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 14:25:14 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from xifenfei;
NAME
---------
鎯滃垎椋
鎯滃垎椋
鎯滃垎椋
鎯滃垎椋
SQL> exit
[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus test/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 21 14:25:52 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0-64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select * from xifenfei;
NAME
------------------
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞
惜分飞

五、试验总结
1.当源端字符编码为ZHS16GBK，目标端编码为AL32UTF8，客户端随便为其中的一种编码，迁移数据不会出现乱码，但是会出现列长度不够现象。反过来不行，因为utf8中的部分字符转换到gbk中肯定会不支持
2.设置了源端客户端编码，仅仅是导出来的dmp文件头部有编码字符标示不一样，存储数据还是按照服务端存储
3.打破神话，exp/imp导入要不乱码，导出和导入的客户端编码要一致

1、准备工作

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Nov 30 09:08:04 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create user test identified by xifenfei;
User created.
SQL> grant connect,resource to test;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

2、远程导出数据

[oracle@node1 ~]$  expdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=chf.T2_1
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:09:35 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39087: directory name TEST_DIR is invalid
--对目录需要相关权限
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Nov 30 09:09:59 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> grant read,write on directory test_dir to test;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>  expdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=chf.T2_1
SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "expdp test..." - rest of line ignored.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@node1 ~]$  expdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=chf.T2_1
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:10:23 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORA-31631: privileges are required
ORA-39109: Unprivileged users may not operate upon other users' schemas
--执行导出用户需要相关权限exp_full_database
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Nov 30 09:11:54 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> grant exp_full_database  to test;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@node1 ~]$  expdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=chf.T2_1
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:14:29 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Starting "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  test/******** directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=chf.T2_1
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 22 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "CHF"."T2_1"                                9.326 MB  100000 rows
Master table "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for TEST.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /tmp/t1.dmp
Job "TEST"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 09:14:35
--实现用test登录，导出源端chf用户下面的表
[oracle@node1 ~]$ rm /tmp/t1.dmp
[oracle@node1 ~]$  expdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=T2_1
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:14:57 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39195: At least one schema in the TABLE_FILTER does not exist.
--如果当前登录用户和表所属用户不同，需要指定schema的名称

3、直接导入数据到目标端

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir network_link=dblink_test REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users tables=chf.t2_1
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:45:38 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORA-31631: privileges are required
ORA-39109: Unprivileged users may not operate upon other users' schemas
--登录用户需要imp_full_database权限
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Nov 30 09:46:41 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> grant imp_full_database to test;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir network_link=dblink_test REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users tables=chf.t2_1
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:46:59 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Starting "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  test/******** directory=test_dir network_link=dblink_test REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users tables=chf.t2_1
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 22 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . imported "XFF"."T2_1"                                100000 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "TEST"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 09:47:07
--使用test用户登录，目标端用户为xff，源端用户为chf
[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp test/xifenfei directory=test_dir network_link=dblink_test REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users tables=t2_1
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Nov 30 09:52:54 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39001: invalid argument value
ORA-39195: At least one schema in the TABLE_FILTER does not exist.
--不同用户时，需要指定源端表所属用户

一、准备工作
1、源端

[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~]$ sqlplus  chf/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Nov 29 15:07:35 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>  select count(*) from T2_1 ;
  COUNT(*)
----------
    100000

2、目标端

--tns配置
test =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.12)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = test)
    )
  )
[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Nov 29 14:57:08 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create public database link dblink_test
  2  connect to chf identified by xifenfei using 'test';
Database link created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory test_dir to xff;
Grant succeeded.

二、导入方式
1、expdp导出，impdp导入

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp chf/xff directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1_2.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=T2_1
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Nov 29 15:05:36 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Starting "CHF"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  chf/******** directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1_2.dmp network_link=dblink_test tables=T2_1
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 22 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "CHF"."T2_1"                                9.326 MB  100000 rows
Master table "CHF"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for CHF.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /tmp/t1_2.dmp
Job "CHF"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 15:06:52
--1、userid使用的是目标端（expdp端）登录
--2、tables对应的表所有者需要和userid相同
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ ll /tmp/t1_2.dmp
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9859072 11-29 15:06 /tmp/t1_2.dmp
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ impdp xff/xifenfei directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1_2.dmp REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Nov 29 15:30:15 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  xff/******** directory=test_dir dumpfile=t1_2.dmp REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T2_1"                                9.326 MB  100000 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 15:30:18
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ sqlplus xff/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Nov 29 15:30:43 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from t2_1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
    100000

2、使用impdp直接导入

[oracle@node1 tmp]$ impdp chf/xff directory=test_dir network_link=dblink_test REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users tables=t2_1
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Nov 29 15:48:49 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Starting "CHF"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  chf/******** directory=test_dir network_link=dblink_test REMAP_SCHEMA=chf:xff REMAP_TABLESPACE=odu:users tables=t2_1
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 22 MB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . imported "XFF"."T2_1"                                100000 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "CHF"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 15:49:00
--1、userid使用的是impdp端登录
--2、tables对应的表所有者需要和userid相同(tables的表所有者是源端，使用REMAP_SCHEMA映射owner)
[oracle@node1 tmp]$ sqlplus xff/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Nov 29 15:51:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from t2_1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
    100000

如果登录用户和需要导入的表用户名不同，暂不清楚怎么处理

最近有位朋友一直在为exp/imp操作的乱码问题纠结，总是搞不清楚为什么，而且经常莫名其妙的出现乱码，为此我做了一个实验，来说明这个问题的处理思路
一、准备工作

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 11月 17 18:43:00 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table TEST_EXP
  2  (
  3    A1 NUMBER,
  4    A2 VARCHAR2(10 CHAR),
  5    A3 VARCHAR2(10),
  6    A4 NVARCHAR2(10),
  7    A5 CHAR(10),
  8    A6 NCHAR(10)
  9  );
表已创建。
SQL> comment on column TEST_EXP.A1
  2    is '数字类型----惜分飞';
注释已创建。
SQL> comment on column TEST_EXP.A2
  2    is 'varchar类型1----惜分飞';
注释已创建。
SQL> comment on column TEST_EXP.A3
  2    is 'varchar类型2----惜分飞';
注释已创建。
SQL> comment on column TEST_EXP.A4
  2    is 'nvarchar类型----惜分飞';
注释已创建。
SQL> comment on column TEST_EXP.A5
  2    is 'char类型----惜分飞';
注释已创建。
SQL> comment on column TEST_EXP.A6
  2    is 'nchar类型----惜分飞';
注释已创建。
SQL> insert into test_exp values(1,'xifenfeicf','xifenfeicf','xff','xifenfei','xifenfei');
已创建 1 行。
SQL> insert into test_exp values(1,'惜分飞来向大家问好啦',
2    '杭州惜分飞','杭州惜分飞','杭州惜分飞','杭州惜分飞');
已创建 1 行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> col parameter for a30
SQL> col value for a20
SQL> select * FROM v$nls_parameters WHERE parameter LIKE '%CHARACTERSET%';
PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET               ZHS16GBK
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET         AL16UTF16
SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options 断开
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>exp chf/xifenfei tables=test_exp
file=d:\test_exp.dmp log=d:\test_exp.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 17 18:46:10 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
已导出 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集
即将导出指定的表通过常规路径...
. . 正在导出表                        TEST_EXP导出了           2 行
成功终止导出, 没有出现警告。

二、使用AL32UTF8编码导入

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>set NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>imp chf/xifenfei tables=test_exp
file=d:/test_exp.dmp log=d:/test_exp.log fromuser=chf touser=chf
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Nov 17 19:24:58 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Produc
tion
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in AL32UTF8 character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
export client uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing CHF's objects into CHF
. . importing table                     "TEST_EXP"          2 rows imported
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
--注意此处提示，编码发生了转换
--导出来文件编码为：ZHS16GBK
--现在客户端编码为：AL32UTF8
--导入服务器编码为：ZHS16GBK
--现在的转换是ZHS16GBK-->AL32UTF8 -->ZHS16GBK
--其中ZHS16GBK-->AL32UTF8说成转换也许不太合适
--(因为ZHS16GBK是已经生产的dmp文件中数据的编码，而AL32UTF8是导入客户端的编码，这个到底是否转换待定)
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>sqlplus chf/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 17 19:25:58 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
SQL> col comments for a30
SQL> SELECT  COLUMN_NAME,comments FROM DBA_COL_COMMENTS WHERE owner='CHF' AND TABLE_NAME='TEST_EXP';
COLUMN_NAME                    COMMENTS
------------------------------ ------------------------------
A1                             数字类型----惜分飞
A2                             varchar类型1----惜分飞
A3                             varchar类型2----惜分飞
A4                             nvarchar类型----惜分飞
A5                             char类型----惜分飞
A6                             nchar类型----惜分飞
6 rows selected.
SQL>select * from test_exp;
        A1 A2                   A3         A4                   A5         A6
---------- -------------------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
         1 xifenfeicf           xifenfeicf xff                  xifenfei   xifenfei
         1 惜分飞来向大家问好啦 杭州惜分飞 杭州惜分飞           杭州惜分飞 杭州惜分飞
--在新窗口查询，编码修改客户端编码造成影响

三、使用US7ASCII编码导入

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>set NLS_LANG=american_america.US7ASCII
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>imp chf/xifenfei tables=test_exp
file=d:/test_exp.dmp log=d:/test_exp.log fromuser=chf touser=chf
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Nov 17 19:35:10 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Produc
tion
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
export client uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing CHF's objects into CHF
. . importing table                     "TEST_EXP"          2 rows imported
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
SQL> col comments for a30
SQL> SELECT  COLUMN_NAME,comments FROM DBA_COL_COMMENTS WHERE owner='CHF' AND TABLE_NAME='TEST_EXP';
COLUMN_NAM COMMENTS
---------- ------------------------------
A1         ????----???
A2         varchar??1----???
A3         varchar??2----???
A4         nvarchar??----???
A5         char??----???
A6         nchar??----???
6 rows selected.
--sqlplus和plsql dev中均为乱码
SQL> select * from test_exp;
        A1 A2         A3         A4         A5         A6
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         1 xifenfeicf xifenfeicf xff        xifenfei   xifenfei
         1 ?????????? ?????      ?????      ?????      ?????
--在plsql dev中查询是正常，sqlplus中不正常
--这里为什么plsql dev中能够显示正常，而comment在plsql dev中显示不正常，还有待研究
--说明：这里由于ZHS16GBK转换为US7ASCII的过程不能识别汉字，所以会导致汉字变成了问号

四、使用ZHS16GBK编码

C:\Users\XIFENFEI>set NLS_LANG=SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>imp chf/xifenfei tables=test_exp
file=d:/test_exp.dmp log=d:/test_exp.log fromuser=chf touser=chf
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 11月 17 20:26:39 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
经由常规路径由 EXPORT:V11.02.00 创建的导出文件
已经完成 ZHS16GBK 字符集和 AL16UTF16 NCHAR 字符集中的导入
. 正在将 CHF 的对象导入到 CHF
. . 正在导入表                      "TEST_EXP"导入了           2 行
成功终止导入, 没有出现警告。
--注意提示，没有发生任何的编码转换
QL> col comments for a30
SQL> SELECT  COLUMN_NAME,comments FROM DBA_COL_COMMENTS WHERE owner='CHF' AND TABLE_NAME='TEST_EXP';
COLUMN_NAME                    COMMENTS
------------------------------ ------------------------------
A1                             数字类型----惜分飞
A2                             varchar类型1----惜分飞
A3                             varchar类型2----惜分飞
A4                             nvarchar类型----惜分飞
A5                             char类型----惜分飞
A6                             nchar类型----惜分飞
6 rows selected.
SQL>select * from test_exp;
        A1 A2                   A3         A4                   A5         A6
---------- -------------------- ---------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
         1 xifenfeicf           xifenfeicf xff                  xifenfei   xifenfei
         1 惜分飞来向大家问好啦 杭州惜分飞 杭州惜分飞           杭州惜分飞 杭州惜分飞

五、原因分析,解决建议
在导入过程中，最多会发生三次编码转换:
1、执行exp时，数据库中数据的编码会转换为导出客户端编码
2、执行imp时，dmp文件的编码转换为导入客户端编码
3、导入客户端编码转换为目标端数据库的数据库编码

在exp/imp操作的过程中，经常出现乱码的原因就是编码的相互转换的过程中出现了丢失或者相互不能转换导致。要解决这个问题，最好的办法就是通过NLS_LANG的灵活设置，减少编码转换的次数(如果相邻的转换操作编码一致，那么不会发生编码转换，如试验中的ZHS16GBK编码测试，就没有转换发生)，或者使得相互的转换能够兼容，可以最大程度的减少乱码的出现。
如果已经有了exp导出的dmp文件，然后在导入的过程中，出现乱码，一般的处理建议是nls_lang的编码设置和dmp文件的一致，让转换发生在导入客户端和数据库服务器间(要求:编码可以相互转换)

0、检查平台信息
所有tts支持平台
SELECT * FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM;
当前系统平台情况
SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT
FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d
WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
一、源端操作
检查是否符合TTS要求
SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK(‘ODU’, TRUE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM DBA_TABLES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=’ODU’;
COUNT(*)
———-
59
SQL> SELECT file_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name=’ODU’;
FILE_NAME
————————————————–
/opt/oracle/oradata/chf/odu01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/chf/odu02.dbf
需要传输表空间至于readonly模式
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE ODU READ ONLY;
Tablespace altered.
导出表空间元数据
[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp userid=\’/ as sysdba\’ tablespaces=ODU file=/tmp/ODU.dmp transport_tablespace=y
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Sun Sep 11 10:01:52 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export transportable tablespace metadata…
For tablespace ODU …
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table T_ODU_03
. . exporting table T_ODU_01
. . exporting table T_ODU
. . exporting table DB
. . exporting table NODE
. . exporting table CONF
. . exporting table DBINC
. . exporting table CKP
. . exporting table TS
. . exporting table TSATT
. . exporting table DF
. . exporting table DFATT
. . exporting table TF
. . exporting table TFATT
. . exporting table OFFR
. . exporting table RR
. . exporting table RT
. . exporting table ORL
. . exporting table RLH
. . exporting table AL
. . exporting table BS
. . exporting table BP
. . exporting table BCF
. . exporting table CCF
. . exporting table XCF
. . exporting table BSF
. . exporting table BDF
. . exporting table CDF
. . exporting table XDF
. . exporting table BRL
. . exporting table BCB
. . exporting table CCB
. . exporting table SCR
. . exporting table SCRL
. . exporting table CONFIG
. . exporting table XAL
. . exporting table RSR
. . exporting table FB
. . exporting table GRSP
. . exporting table ROUT
. . exporting table RCVER
. . exporting table F_DROP
. . exporting table T_QUERY
. . exporting table T_UNDO
. . exporting table A
. . exporting table T1
. . exporting table T2_1
. . exporting table T2
. . exporting table T_MV
. . exporting table TAB2
. . exporting table MLOG$_T_MV
. . exporting table T_N
. . exporting table T_M
. . exporting table MLOG$_T_N
. . exporting table T_1
. . exporting table T_2
. . exporting table T_3
. . exporting table T_4
. . exporting table T_5
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end transportable tablespace metadata export
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
SQL> alter tablespace odu read write;
Tablespace altered.
传输到目标段
[oracle@node1 ~]$ scp /opt/oracle/oradata/chf/odu0* 192.168.11.12:/opt/oracle/oradata/test
The authenticity of host ‘192.168.11.12 (192.168.11.12)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is db:3c:b4:34:7f:d7:e4:97:ab:b6:8b:b0:ab:22:43:35.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘192.168.11.12’ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@192.168.11.12’s password:
odu01.dbf 100% 100MB 3.3MB/s 00:30
odu02.dbf 100% 11GB 2.8MB/s 1:05:00
[oracle@node1 ~]$ scp /tmp/ODU.dmp 192.168.11.12:/tmp
oracle@192.168.11.12’s password:
Permission denied, please try again.
oracle@192.168.11.12’s password:
ODU.dmp 100% 456KB 456.0KB/s 00:00
二、目标端操作
导入元数据库
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~]$ imp userid=\’/ as sysdba\’ tablespaces=ODU file=/tmp/ODU.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf, /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf fromuser=chf touser=chf
Import: Release 10.2.0.4.0 – Production on Sun Sep 11 11:13:25 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import transportable tablespace(s) metadata…
import done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
. importing CHF’s objects into CHF
. . importing table “T_ODU_03”
. . importing table “T_ODU_01”
. . importing table “T_ODU”
. . importing table “DB”
. . importing table “NODE”
. . importing table “CONF”
. . importing table “DBINC”
. . importing table “CKP”
. . importing table “TS”
. . importing table “TSATT”
. . importing table “DF”
. . importing table “DFATT”
. . importing table “TF”
. . importing table “TFATT”
. . importing table “OFFR”
. . importing table “RR”
. . importing table “RT”
. . importing table “ORL”
. . importing table “RLH”
. . importing table “AL”
. . importing table “BS”
. . importing table “BP”
. . importing table “BCF”
. . importing table “CCF”
. . importing table “XCF”
. . importing table “BSF”
. . importing table “BDF”
. . importing table “CDF”
. . importing table “XDF”
. . importing table “BRL”
. . importing table “BCB”
. . importing table “CCB”
. . importing table “SCR”
. . importing table “SCRL”
. . importing table “CONFIG”
. . importing table “XAL”
. . importing table “RSR”
. . importing table “FB”
. . importing table “GRSP”
. . importing table “ROUT”
. . importing table “RCVER”
. . importing table “F_DROP”
. . importing table “T_QUERY”
. . importing table “T_UNDO”
. . importing table “A”
. . importing table “T1”
. . importing table “T2_1”
. . importing table “T2”
. . importing table “T_MV”
. . importing table “TAB2”
. . importing table “MLOG$_T_MV”
. . importing table “T_N”
. . importing table “T_M”
. . importing table “MLOG$_T_N”
. . importing table “T_1”
. . importing table “T_2”
. . importing table “T_3”
. . importing table “T_4”
. . importing table “T_5”
About to enable constraints…
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
SQL> select tablespace_name ,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
—————————— ———
SYSTEM ONLINE
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE
SYSAUX ONLINE
TEMP ONLINE
USERS ONLINE
XFF ONLINE
ODU READ ONLY
7 rows selected.
修改为readwrite模式（根据需求）
SQL> alter tablespace odu read write;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM DBA_TABLES WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME=’ODU’;
COUNT(*)
———-
59
三、相关说明
1、如果平台字节顺序不同，需要使用rman convert转换
2、导出导入元数据可以使用data pump实现
3、检查视图、触发器、包、过程、函数等对象，如果没有需要使用exp/imp row=n导入或者人工建立

IMPDP参数
数据泵导入实用程序提供了一种用于在 Oracle 数据库之间传输
数据对象的机制。该实用程序可以使用以下命令进行调用:
示例: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp
您可以控制导入的运行方式。具体方法是: 在 ‘impdp’ 命令后输入
各种参数。要指定各参数, 请使用关键字:
格式: impdp KEYWORD=value 或 KEYWORD=(value1,value2,…,valueN)
示例: impdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp
USERID 必须是命令行中的第一个参数。
——————————————————————————
以下是可用关键字和它们的说明。方括号中列出的是默认值。
ATTACH
连接到现有作业。
例如, ATTACH=job_name。
CONTENT
指定要加载的数据。
有效的关键字为: [ALL], DATA_ONLY 和 METADATA_ONLY。
DATA_OPTIONS
数据层选项标记。
有效的关键字为: SKIP_CONSTRAINT_ERRORS。
DIRECTORY
用于转储文件, 日志文件和 SQL 文件的目录对象。
DUMPFILE
要从中导入的转储文件的列表 [expdat.dmp]。
例如, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp。
ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
用于访问转储文件中的加密数据的口令密钥。
对于网络导入作业无效。
ESTIMATE
计算作业估计值。
有效的关键字为: [BLOCKS] 和 STATISTICS。
EXCLUDE
排除特定对象类型。
例如, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:”=’HR'”。
FLASHBACK_SCN
用于重置会话快照的 SCN。
FLASHBACK_TIME
用于查找最接近的相应 SCN 值的时间。
FULL
导入源中的所有对象 [Y]。
HELP
显示帮助消息 [N]。
INCLUDE
包括特定对象类型。
例如, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA。
JOB_NAME
要创建的导入作业的名称。
LOGFILE
日志文件名 [import.log]。
NETWORK_LINK
源系统的远程数据库链接的名称。
NOLOGFILE={Y|N}
不写入日志文件 [N]。
PARALLEL
更改当前作业的活动 worker 的数量。
PARFILE
指定参数文件。
PARTITION_OPTIONS
指定应如何转换分区。
有效的关键字为: DEPARTITION, MERGE 和 [NONE]。
QUERY
用于导入表的子集的谓词子句。
例如, QUERY=employees:”WHERE department_id > 10″。
如果过滤条件中有“””，需要使用“\”转义
REMAP_DATA
指定数据转换函数。
例如, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO。
REMAP_DATAFILE
在所有 DDL 语句中重新定义数据文件引用。
REMAP_SCHEMA
将一个方案中的对象加载到另一个方案。
REMAP_TABLE
将表名重新映射到另一个表。
例如, REMAP_TABLE=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO。
REMAP_TABLESPACE
将表空间对象重新映射到另一个表空间。
REUSE_DATAFILES
如果表空间已存在, 则将其初始化 [N]。
SCHEMAS
要导入的方案的列表。
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES
跳过设置为“索引不可用”状态的索引。
SOURCE_EDITION
用于提取元数据的版本。
SQLFILE
将所有的 SQL DDL 写入指定的文件。
STATUS
监视作业状态的频率, 其中
默认值 [0] 表示只要有新状态可用, 就立即显示新状态。
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION
启用流元数据的加载
TABLE_EXISTS_ACTION
导入对象已存在时执行的操作。
有效的关键字为: APPEND, REPLACE, [SKIP] 和 TRUNCATE。
TABLES
标识要导入的表的列表。
例如, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995。
TABLESPACES
标识要导入的表空间的列表。
TARGET_EDITION
用于加载元数据的版本。
TRANSFORM
要应用于适用对象的元数据转换。
有效的关键字为: OID, PCTSPACE, SEGMENT_ATTRIBUTES 和 STORAGE。
TRANSPORTABLE
用于选择可传输数据移动的选项。
有效的关键字为: ALWAYS 和 [NEVER]。
仅在 NETWORK_LINK 模式导入操作中有效。
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES
按可传输模式导入的数据文件的列表。
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK
验证所有表的存储段 [N]。
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES
要从中加载元数据的表空间的列表。
仅在 NETWORK_LINK 模式导入操作中有效。
VERSION
要导入的对象的版本。
有效的关键字为: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST 或任何有效的数据库版本。
仅对 NETWORK_LINK 和 SQLFILE 有效。
——————————————————————————
下列命令在交互模式下有效。
注: 允许使用缩写。
CONTINUE_CLIENT
返回到事件记录模式。如果处于空闲状态, 将重新启动作业。
EXIT_CLIENT
退出客户机会话并使作业保持运行状态。
HELP
汇总交互命令。
KILL_JOB
分离并删除作业。
PARALLEL
更改当前作业的活动 worker 的数量。
START_JOB
启动或恢复当前作业。
有效的关键字为: SKIP_CURRENT。
STATUS
监视作业状态的频率, 其中
默认值 [0] 表示只要有新状态可用, 就立即显示新状态。
STOP_JOB
按顺序关闭作业执行并退出客户机。
有效的关键字为: IMMEDIATE。
EXPDP参数
数据泵导出实用程序提供了一种用于在 Oracle 数据库之间传输
数据对象的机制。该实用程序可以使用以下命令进行调用:
示例: expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dmpdir DUMPFILE=scott.dmp
您可以控制导出的运行方式。具体方法是: 在 ‘expdp’ 命令后输入
各种参数。要指定各参数, 请使用关键字:
格式: expdp KEYWORD=value 或 KEYWORD=(value1,value2,…,valueN)
示例: expdp scott/tiger DUMPFILE=scott.dmp DIRECTORY=dmpdir SCHEMAS=scott
或 TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), 如果 T1 是分区表
USERID 必须是命令行中的第一个参数。
——————————————————————————
以下是可用关键字和它们的说明。方括号中列出的是默认值。
ATTACH
连接到现有作业。
例如, ATTACH=job_name。
COMPRESSION
减少转储文件大小。
有效的关键字值为: ALL, DATA_ONLY, [METADATA_ONLY] 和 NONE。
CONTENT
指定要卸载的数据。
有效的关键字值为: [ALL], DATA_ONLY 和 METADATA_ONLY。
DATA_OPTIONS
数据层选项标记。
有效的关键字值为: XML_CLOBS。
DIRECTORY
用于转储文件和日志文件的目录对象。
DUMPFILE
指定目标转储文件名的列表 [expdat.dmp]。
例如, DUMPFILE=scott1.dmp, scott2.dmp, dmpdir:scott3.dmp。
ENCRYPTION
加密某个转储文件的一部分或全部。
有效的关键字值为: ALL, DATA_ONLY, ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY, METADATA_ONLY 和 NONE
。
ENCRYPTION_ALGORITHM
指定加密的方式。
有效的关键字值为: [AES128], AES192 和 AES256。
ENCRYPTION_MODE
生成加密密钥的方法。
有效的关键字值为: DUAL, PASSWORD 和 [TRANSPARENT]。
ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD
用于在转储文件中创建加密数据的口令密钥。
ESTIMATE
计算作业估计值。
有效的关键字值为: [BLOCKS] 和 STATISTICS。
ESTIMATE_ONLY={Y|N}
计算作业估计值而不执行导出[N]。
EXCLUDE
排除特定对象类型。
例如, EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:”=’HR'”。
FILESIZE
以字节为单位指定每个转储文件的大小。
FLASHBACK_SCN
用于重置会话快照的 SCN。
FLASHBACK_TIME
用于查找最接近的相应 SCN 值的时间。
FULL
导出整个数据库 [N]。
HELP
显示帮助消息 [N]。
INCLUDE
包括特定对象类型。
例如, INCLUDE=TABLE_DATA。
JOB_NAME
要创建的导出作业的名称。
LOGFILE
指定日志文件名 [export.log]。
NETWORK_LINK
源系统的远程数据库链接的名称。
NOLOGFILE
不写入日志文件 [N]。
PARALLEL
更改当前作业的活动 worker 的数量。
PARFILE
指定参数文件名。
QUERY
用于导出表的子集的谓词子句。
例如, QUERY=employees:”WHERE department_id > 10″。
如果过滤条件中有“””，需要使用“\”转义
REMAP_DATA
指定数据转换函数。
例如, REMAP_DATA=EMP.EMPNO:REMAPPKG.EMPNO。
REUSE_DUMPFILES={Y|N}
覆盖目标转储文件 (如果文件存在) [N]。
SAMPLE
要导出的数据的百分比。
SCHEMAS
要导出的方案的列表 [登录方案]。
SOURCE_EDITION
用于提取元数据的版本。
STATUS
监视作业状态的频率, 其中
默认值 [0] 表示只要有新状态可用, 就立即显示新状态。
TABLES
标识要导出的表的列表。
例如, TABLES=HR.EMPLOYEES,SH.SALES:SALES_1995。
TABLESPACES
标识要导出的表空间的列表。
TRANSPORTABLE
指定是否可以使用可传输方法。
有效的关键字值为: ALWAYS 和 [NEVER]。
TRANSPORT_FULL_CHECK={Y|N}
验证所有表的存储段 [N]。
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES
要从中卸载元数据的表空间的列表。
VERSION
要导出的对象版本。
有效的关键字值为: [COMPATIBLE], LATEST 或任何有效的数据库版本。
——————————————————————————
下列命令在交互模式下有效。
注: 允许使用缩写。
ADD_FILE
将转储文件添加到转储文件集。
CONTINUE_CLIENT
返回到事件记录模式。如果处于空闲状态, 将重新启动作业。
EXIT_CLIENT
退出客户机会话并使作业保持运行状态。
FILESIZE
用于后续 ADD_FILE 命令的默认文件大小 (字节)。
HELP
汇总交互命令。
KILL_JOB
分离并删除作业。
PARALLEL
更改当前作业的活动 worker 的数量。
REUSE_DUMPFILES
覆盖目标转储文件 (如果文件存在) [N]。
START_JOB
启动或恢复当前作业。
有效的关键字值为: SKIP_CURRENT。
STATUS
监视作业状态的频率, 其中
默认值 [0] 表示只要有新状态可用, 就立即显示新状态。
STOP_JOB
按顺序关闭作业执行并退出客户机。
有效的关键字值为: IMMEDIATE。

exp参数
关键字 说明 (默认值) 关键字 说明 (默认值)
————————————————————————–
USERID 用户名/口令 FULL 导出整个文件 (N)
BUFFER 数据缓冲区大小 OWNER 所有者用户名列表
FILE 输出文件 (EXPDAT.DMP) TABLES 表名列表
COMPRESS 导入到一个区 (Y) RECORDLENGTH IO 记录的长度
GRANTS 导出权限 (Y) INCTYPE 增量导出类型
INDEXES 导出索引 (Y) RECORD 跟踪增量导出 (Y)
DIRECT 直接路径 (N) TRIGGERS 导出触发器 (Y)
LOG 屏幕输出的日志文件 STATISTICS 分析对象 (ESTIMATE)
ROWS 导出数据行 (Y) PARFILE 参数文件名
CONSISTENT 交叉表的一致性 (N) CONSTRAINTS 导出的约束条件 (Y)
OBJECT_CONSISTENT 只在对象导出期间设置为只读的事务处理 (N)
FEEDBACK 每 x 行显示进度 (0)
FILESIZE 每个转储文件的最大大小
FLASHBACK_SCN 用于将会话快照设置回以前状态的 SCN
FLASHBACK_TIME 用于获取最接近指定时间的 SCN 的时间
QUERY 用于导出表的子集的 select 子句
RESUMABLE 遇到与空格相关的错误时挂起 (N)
RESUMABLE_NAME 用于标识可恢复语句的文本字符串
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT RESUMABLE 的等待时间
TTS_FULL_CHECK 对 TTS 执行完整或部分相关性检查
TABLESPACES 要导出的表空间列表
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE 导出可传输的表空间元数据 (N)
TEMPLATE 调用 iAS 模式导出的模板名
imp参数
关键字 说明 (默认值) 关键字 说明 (默认值)
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USERID 用户名/口令 FULL 导入整个文件 (N)
BUFFER 数据缓冲区大小 FROMUSER 所有者用户名列表
FILE 输入文件 (EXPDAT.DMP) TOUSER 用户名列表
SHOW 只列出文件内容 (N) TABLES 表名列表
IGNORE 忽略创建错误 (N) RECORDLENGTH IO 记录的长度
GRANTS 导入权限 (Y) INCTYPE 增量导入类型
INDEXES 导入索引 (Y) COMMIT 提交数组插入 (N)
ROWS 导入数据行 (Y) PARFILE 参数文件名
LOG 屏幕输出的日志文件 CONSTRAINTS 导入限制 (Y)
DESTROY 覆盖表空间数据文件 (N)
INDEXFILE 将表/索引信息写入指定的文件
SKIP_UNUSABLE_INDEXES 跳过不可用索引的维护 (N)
FEEDBACK 每 x 行显示进度 (0)
TOID_NOVALIDATE 跳过指定类型 ID 的验证
FILESIZE 每个转储文件的最大大小
STATISTICS 始终导入预计算的统计信息
RESUMABLE 在遇到有关空间的错误时挂起 (N)
RESUMABLE_NAME 用来标识可恢复语句的文本字符串
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT RESUMABLE 的等待时间
COMPILE 编译过程, 程序包和函数 (Y)
STREAMS_CONFIGURATION 导入流的一般元数据 (Y)
STREAMS_INSTANTIATION 导入流实例化元数据 (N)
DATA_ONLY 仅导入数据 (N)
下列关键字仅用于可传输的表空间
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE 导入可传输的表空间元数据 (N)
TABLESPACES 将要传输到数据库的表空间
DATAFILES 将要传输到数据库的数据文件
TTS_OWNERS 拥有可传输表空间集中数据的用户