asm备份元数据之md_backup和md_restore

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标题：asm备份元数据之md_backup和md_restore

作者：惜分飞©版权所有[未经本人同意,不得以任何形式转载,否则有进一步追究法律责任的权利.]

在11g的asm中增加了md_backup和md_restore命令,用来备份和还原asm的元数据信息
当前磁盘组相关信息

SQL> select PATH,b.NAME from v$asm_disk a,v$asm_diskgroup b where a.GROUP_NUMBER=b.GROUP_NUMBER;
PATH                                     NAME
---------------------------------------- ----------
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL2                DATA
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL1                DATA
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL4                XIFENFEI
/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL3                XIFENFEI

md_backup操作

--备份所有mount磁盘组
ASMCMD> md_backup /tmp/xifenfei.md
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: XIFENFEI
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03
Current alias directory path: XFF/PARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM/DATAFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/TEMPFILE
Current alias directory path: ASM
--备份指定磁盘组
ASMCMD> md_backup /tmp/xifenfei_data.md -G DATA
Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03
Current alias directory path: XFF/CONTROLFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_24
Current alias directory path: XFF/ONLINELOG
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: XFF
Current alias directory path: XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13

md_restore操作

--生产sql文件(未执行)
ASMCMD> md_restore -S  /tmp/get_dg_sql -G data /tmp/xifenfei_data.md
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: DATA
破坏XIFENFEI磁盘组中的其中一个asm disk(/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL3)
[root@rac1 tmp]#  dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 4.8629e-05 seconds, 84.2 MB/s
--尝试还原磁盘组(操作单位是磁盘组)
ASMCMD>  md_restore /tmp/xifenfei.md --silent -G xifenfei
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: XIFENFEI
ASMCMD-9352: CREATE DISKGROUP failed
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15033: disk /dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL4 belongs to diskgroup "XIFENFEI" (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
--如果一个磁盘组中某个asm disk 出了问题,这种方法不能生效,甚至需要先dd 处理掉所有该磁盘组中的asm disk

总结说明
md_backup和md_restore是磁盘组级别的备份和还原,如果一个磁盘组的某个asm disk出现问题,使用这对命令解决起来还是很麻烦,甚至根本不可行(因为代价太大:要删除该磁盘组其他asm disk header,然后要重新还原所有数据文件),这样的情景下dd或者kfed的备份还是非常有必要,ASM DISK HEADER 备份与恢复.如果是一个磁盘组都损坏,需要还原磁盘组,这个时候这个命令非常的完美(至少比起dd和kfed方便很多).md_backup/md_restore和dd与kfed是互补的命令,而不是md_backup/md_restore出现使得dd和kfed在asm元数据的备份恢复上就没有用武之地.

One thought on “asm备份元数据之md_backup和md_restore”

  1. md_backup和md_restore命令说明

    ASMCMD> help md_backup
        md_backup
        The md_backup command creates a backup file containing metadata
        for one or more disk groups.
        Volume and Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System
        (Oracle ACFS) file system information is not backed up.
        md_backup backup_file [-G diskgroup [,diskgroup,...]]
        The options for the md_backup command are described below.
        backup_file     - Specifies the backup file in which you want to
                          store the metadata.
        -G diskgroup    - Specifies the disk group name of the disk group
                          that must be backed up
        By default all the mounted disk groups are included in the backup file,
        which is saved in the current working directory.
        The first example shows the use of the backup command when you run it
        without the disk group option. This example backs up all of the mounted
        disk groups and creates the backup image in the current working
        directory. The second example creates a backup of disk group DATA and
        FRA. The backup that this example creates is saved in the
        /tmp/dgbackup20090716 file.
        ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /tmp/dgbackup20090716
        ASMCMD [+] > md_backup /tmp/dgbackup20090716 -G DATA,FRA
        Disk group metadata to be backed up: DATA
        Disk group metadata to be backed up: FRA
        Current alias directory path: ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/TEMPFILE
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/PARAMETERFILE
        Current alias directory path: ASM
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
        Current alias directory path: ORCL
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/CONTROLFILE
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2009_07_13
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET/2009_07_14
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG/2009_07_14
        Current alias directory path: ORCL
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/DATAFILE
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/ARCHIVELOG
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/BACKUPSET
        Current alias directory path: ORCL/ONLINELOG
ASMCMD> help md_restore
        md_restore
        This command restores a disk group metadata backup.
        md_restore backup_file [--silent][--full|--nodg|--newdg -o 'old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup
           [,...]'][-S sql_script_file] [-G 'diskgroup [,diskgroup...]']
        The options for the md_restore command are described below.
        backup_file             - Reads the metadata information from
                                  backup_file.
        --silent                - Ignore errors. Normally, if md_restore
                                  encounters an error, it will stop.
                                  Specifying this flag ignores any errors.
        --full                  - Specifies to create a disk group and restore
                                  metadata.
        --nodg                  - Specifies to restore metadata only.
        --newdg -o old_diskgroup:new_diskgroup  - Specifies to create a disk
                                  group with a different name when restoring
                                  metadata. The -o option is required
                                  with --newdg.
        -S sql_script_file      - Write SQL commands to the specified SQL
                                  script file instead of executing the commands.
        -G diskgroup            - Select the disk groups to be restored.
                                  If no disk groups are defined, then all
                                  disk groups will be restored.
        The first example restores the disk group DATA from the backup script
        and creates a copy. The second example takes an existing disk group
        DATA and restores its metadata. The third example restores disk group
        DATA completely but the new disk group that is created is called DATA2.
        The fourth example restores from the backup file after applying the
        overrides defined in the override.sql script file
        ASMCMD [+] > md_restore --full -G data --silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714
        ASMCMD [+] > md_restore --nodg -G data --silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714
        ASMCMD [+] > md_restore --newdg -o 'data:data2' --silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714
        ASMCMD [+] > md_restore -S override.sql --silent /tmp/dgbackup20090714
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  2. md_backup生成data磁盘组备份元数据信息

    [root@rac1 tmp]# more xifenfei_data.md
@diskgroup_set = (
{
  'ATTRINFO' => {
                  '_._DIRVERSION' => '11.2.0.0.0',
                  'COMPATIBLE.ASM' => '11.2.0.0.0',
                  'COMPATIBLE.RDBMS' => '10.1.0.0.0'
                },
  'DISKSINFO' => {
'DATA_0001' => {
                 'DATA_0001' => {
               'TOTAL_MB' => '1262',
               'FAILGROUP' => 'DATA_0001',
               'NAME' => 'DATA_0001',
               'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
               'PATH' => '/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL2'
             }
               },
'DATA_0000' => {
                 'DATA_0000' => {
               'TOTAL_MB' => '784',
               'FAILGROUP' => 'DATA_0000',
               'NAME' => 'DATA_0000',
               'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
               'PATH' => '/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL1'
             }
               }
                 },
  'DGINFO' => {
                'DGTORESTORE' => 0,
                'DGCOMPAT' => '11.2.0.0.0',
                'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
                'DGDBCOMPAT' => '10.1.0.0.0',
                'DGTYPE' => 'EXTERN',
                'DGAUSZ' => '1048576'
              },
  'ALIASINFO' => {
'6' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 1,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/CONTROLFILE',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777481'
       },
'11' => {
          'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
          'LEVEL' => 2,
          'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03',
          'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777640'
        },
'3' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 1,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ARCHIVELOG',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777587'
       },
'7' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 2,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_24',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777852'
       },
'9' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 2,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777746'
       },
'2' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 1,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777322'
       },
'8' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 2,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777799'
       },
'1' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 0,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777428'
       },
'4' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 1,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ONLINELOG',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777534'
       },
'0' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 0,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'rac-cluster',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777269'
       },
'10' => {
          'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
          'LEVEL' => 2,
          'ALIASNAME' => 'XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13',
          'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777693'
        },
'5' => {
         'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
         'LEVEL' => 1,
         'ALIASNAME' => 'rac-cluster/OCRFILE',
         'REFERENCE_INDEX' => '16777375'
       }
                 },
  'TEMPLATEINFO' => {
   '6' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'XTRANSPORT',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '11' => {
             'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
             'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
             'TEMPNAME' => 'ONLINELOG',
             'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
             'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
           },
   '3' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'DATAGUARDCONFIG',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '7' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'AUTOBACKUP',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '9' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'TEMPFILE',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '12' => {
             'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
             'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
             'TEMPNAME' => 'ARCHIVELOG',
             'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
             'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
           },
   '2' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'OCRFILE',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '14' => {
             'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
             'STRIPE' => 'FINE',
             'TEMPNAME' => 'CONTROLFILE',
             'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
             'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
           },
   '15' => {
             'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
             'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
             'TEMPNAME' => 'DUMPSET',
             'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
             'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
           },
   '8' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'BACKUPSET',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '4' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'FLASHBACK',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '1' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'ASMPARAMETERFILE',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '0' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'PARAMETERFILE',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          },
   '10' => {
             'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
             'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
             'TEMPNAME' => 'DATAFILE',
             'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
             'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
           },
   '13' => {
             'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
             'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
             'TEMPNAME' => 'FLASHFILE',
             'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
             'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
           },
   '5' => {
            'DGNAME' => 'DATA',
            'STRIPE' => 'COARSE',
            'TEMPNAME' => 'CHANGETRACKING',
            'REDUNDANCY' => 'UNPROT',
            'SYSTEM' => 'Y'
          }
 }
}
);
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  3. data磁盘组生成sql语句信息

    [root@rac1 tmp]# more get_dg_sql
create diskgroup DATA EXTERNAL redundancy  disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL2' name DATA_0001 size 1262M
disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/VOL1' name DATA_0000 size 784M attribute '
compatible.asm' = '11.2.0.0.0', 'compatible.rdbms' = '10.1.0.0.0';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA set attribute '_._DIRVERSION' = '11.2.0.0.0';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template XTRANSPORT attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template ONLINELOG attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template DATAGUARDCONFIG attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template AUTOBACKUP attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template TEMPFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template OCRFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template ARCHIVELOG attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template DUMPSET attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template CONTROLFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED FINE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template BACKUPSET attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template ASMPARAMETERFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template FLASHBACK attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template PARAMETERFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template FLASHFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template DATAFILE attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR*/DATA alter template CHANGETRACKING attributes (UNPROTECTED COARSE);
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/rac-cluster';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ARCHIVELOG';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/rac-cluster/OCRFILE';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/CONTROLFILE';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_24';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_05_01';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_30';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_04_13';
alter diskgroup /*ASMCMD AMBR */ DATA add directory '+DATA/XFF/ARCHIVELOG/2012_03_03';
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