从12.1开始adg的切换发生了一些改变,直接使用alter database switchover to [target standby db_unique_name] verify; alter database switchover to [target standby db_unique_name]; 即可完成切换,以下是一次生产环境的具体操作步骤
主库操作

SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
SQL> alter database switchover to xifenfei verify;
数据库已更改。
--alert日志
Sun Jun 25 09:07:08 2017
diag_adl:SWITCHOVER VERIFY: Send VERIFY request to switchover target xifenfei
diag_adl:SWITCHOVER VERIFY COMPLETE
SQL> alter database switchover to xifenfei;
数据库已更改。
--alert日志
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:Starting switchover [Process ID: 37024]
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY [Process Id: 37024] (xifenfei)
diag_adl:Waiting for target standby to receive all redo
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:Waiting for all FAL entries to be archived...
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:All FAL entries have been archived.
Sun Jun 25 09:07:46 2017
diag_adl:Waiting for dest_id 2 to become synchronized...
Sun Jun 25 09:07:47 2017
diag_adl:Active, synchronized Physical Standby switchover target has been identified
diag_adl:Preventing updates and queries at the Primary
diag_adl:Generating and shipping final logs to target standby
diag_adl:Switchover End-Of-Redo Log thread 1 sequence 96534 has been fixed
diag_adl:Switchover: Primary highest seen SCN set to 0x3.0x109d7502
diag_adl:ARCH: Noswitch archival of thread 1, sequence 96534
diag_adl:ARCH: End-Of-Redo Branch archival of thread 1 sequence 96534
diag_adl:ARCH: LGWR is scheduled to archive destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 after log switch
diag_adl:ARCH: Standby redo logfile selected for thread 1 sequence 96534 for destination LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2
diag_adl:ARCH: Archiving is disabled due to current logfile archival
diag_adl:Primary will check for some target standby to have received all redo
diag_adl:Waiting for target standby to apply all redo
diag_adl:Backup controlfile written to trace file
            /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xifenfeildg/xifenfei/trace/xifenfei_ora_37024.trc
diag_adl:Converting the primary database to a new standby database
diag_adl:Clearing standby activation ID 612004791 (0x247a73b7)
diag_adl:The primary database controlfile was created using the
diag_adl:'MAXLOGFILES 16' clause.
diag_adl:There is space for up to 11 standby redo logfiles
diag_adl:Use the following SQL commands on the standby database to create
diag_adl:standby redo logfiles that match the primary database:
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl1.f' SIZE 1073741824;
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl2.f' SIZE 1073741824;
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl3.f' SIZE 1073741824;
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl4.f' SIZE 1073741824;
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl5.f' SIZE 1073741824;
diag_adl:ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl6.f' SIZE 1073741824;
diag_adl:Archivelog for thread 1 sequence 96534 required for standby recovery
diag_adl:Switchover: Primary controlfile converted to standby controlfile succesfully.
diag_adl:Switchover: Complete - Database shutdown required
diag_adl:Sending request(convert to primary database) to switchover target xifenfei
Sun Jun 25 09:07:58 2017
diag_adl:Switchover complete. Database shutdown required
diag_adl:USER (ospid: 37024): terminating the instance
Sun Jun 25 09:07:59 2017
diag_adl:Instance terminated by USER, pid = 37024
diag_adl:Shutting down instance (abort)
diag_adl:License high water mark = 527
Sun Jun 25 09:07:59 2017
Instance shutdown complete

备库alert日志

Sun Jun 25 09:05:54 2017
SWITCHOVER VERIFY BEGIN
SWITCHOVER VERIFY COMPLETE
Sun Jun 25 09:06:35 2017
RFS[107]: Assigned to RFS process (PID:7330)
RFS[107]: Selected log 12 for thread 1 sequence 96534 dbid 588725663 branch 916962073
Sat Jun 24 20:06:35 2017
Archived Log entry 100576 added for thread 1 sequence 96534 ID 0x247a73b7 dest 1:
Sat Jun 24 20:06:35 2017
Resetting standby activation ID 612004791 (0x247a73b7)
Sat Jun 24 20:06:35 2017
Media Recovery End-Of-Redo indicator encountered
Sat Jun 24 20:06:35 2017
Media Recovery Continuing
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 96535
Sun Jun 25 09:06:36 2017
SWITCHOVER: received request 'ALTER DTABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER  TO PRIMARY' from primary database.
Sun Jun 25 09:06:36 2017
ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY (xifenfei)
Maximum wait for role transition is 15 minutes.
Switchover: Media recovery is still active
Role Change: Canceling MRP - no more redo to apply
Sat Jun 24 20:06:36 2017
MRP0: Background Media Recovery cancelled with status 16037
Sat Jun 24 20:06:36 2017
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xifenfei/xifenfei/trace/xifenfei_pr00_4590.trc:
ORA-16037: user requested cancel of managed recovery operation
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Recovery interrupted!
Sat Jun 24 20:06:36 2017
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xifenfei/xifenfei/trace/xifenfei_pr00_4590.trc:
ORA-16037: user requested cancel of managed recovery operation
Sat Jun 24 20:06:37 2017
MRP0: Background Media Recovery process shutdown (xifenfei)
Sun Jun 25 09:06:38 2017
Role Change: Canceled MRP
Killing 2 processes(PIDS:7328,4704)(all RFS)
      in order to disallow current and future RFS connections.Requested by OS process 7334
Stopping Emon pool
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
CLOSE: killing server sessions.
Active process 5428 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@kage7.hk0620.com (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 5161 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@kage7.hk0620.com'
…………
Active process 5428 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@kage7.hk0620.com (TNS V1-V3)'
Active process 5161 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@kage7.hk0620.com'
Active process 5178 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@kage7.hk0620.com'
CLOSE: all sessions shutdown successfully.
Stopping Emon pool
Sat Jun 24 20:06:43 2017
SMON: disabling cache recovery
Sat Jun 24 20:06:44 2017
Buffer Cache Full DB Caching mode changing from FULL CACHING DISABLED to FULL CACHING ENABLED
Sun Jun 25 09:06:44 2017
Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/xifenfei/xifenfei/trace/xifenfei_rmi_7334.trc
SwitchOver after complete recovery through change 13163656450
Online logfile pre-clearing operation disabled by switchover
Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/redo01n.log: Thread 1 Group 1 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/xifenfei/redo01n.log: Thread 1 Group 1 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/redo02n.log: Thread 1 Group 2 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/xifenfei/redo02n.log: Thread 1 Group 2 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/redo03n.log: Thread 1 Group 3 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/xifenfei/redo03n.log: Thread 1 Group 3 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/redo04n.log: Thread 1 Group 4 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/xifenfei/redo04n.log: Thread 1 Group 4 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/xifenfei/redo05n.log: Thread 1 Group 5 was previously cleared
Online log /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/xifenfei/redo05n.log: Thread 1 Group 5 was previously cleared
Standby became primary SCN: 13163656448
Switchover: Complete - Database mounted as primary
SWITCHOVER: completed request from primary database.
Sat Jun 24 20:07:12 2017
ARC0: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH

原备库(现主库)操作

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL>  select database_role,open_mode from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE
---------------- --------------------
PRIMARY          MOUNTED
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

原主库(现备库)操作

[oracle@localhost scripts]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on 星期日 6月 25 09:09:40 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
已连接到空闲例程。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 8.5899E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  7654304 bytes
Variable Size            1.2616E+10 bytes
Database Buffers         7.3014E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers              260780032 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
数据库已更改。