一、主库
查看当前数据库状态
select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
当switchover_status为SESSIONS ACTIVE时
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
否则执行
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
切换成功关闭数据库
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
note：11g 可以直接置于 read only 使用命令startup
开启实时应用
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
恢复备库未利用日志
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
二、备库
查看当前数据库状态
select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
如果是switchover_status为recovery needed或switchover latent 恢复数据库
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
切换数据库
alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
开启数据库
startup
–查询除自己进程外的其他进程，并kill掉

SELECT 'kill -9 '||p.spid,'alter system kill session '''||v.sid||','||v.SERIAL#||''''
FROM V$SESSION v ,v$process p
WHERE v.TYPE = 'USER'
AND v.SID <> (SELECT DISTINCT SID FROM V$MYSTAT)
AND v.paddr=p.addr;

三、补充11g官方文档处理顺序和操作语句
1、主库切换
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
SHUTDOWN ABORT;
STARTUP MOUNT;
2、备库切换
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
3、开启应用（新备库–原主库）
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;