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1、创建相关目录用户
su – root
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -p xifenfei -s /bin/bash -m mysql -d /opt/mysql
MYSQL_BASE=/opt/mysql
mkdir -p $MYSQL_BASE/product/5.5
mkdir -p $MYSQL_BASE/mysqldata
mkdir -p $MYSQL_BASE/mysqllog
mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld/
chmod -R 777 $MYSQL_BASE
chown -R mysql:mysql $MYSQL_BASE
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld
3、环境变量配置
export MYSQL_BASE=/opt/mysql
export basedir=$MYSQL_BASE/product/5.5
export datadir=$MYSQL_BASE/mysqldata
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$basedir/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=$basedir:$basedir/bin:${PATH}:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
4、调整mysql 用户系统限制（可选）
编辑文件：/etc/security/limits.conf 加入以下语句：
mysql soft nproc 2047
mysql hard nproc 16384
mysql soft nofile 1024
mysql hard nofile 65536
确认如下语句是否存在于/etc/pam.d/login，如果不存在请增加：
session required pam_limits.so
如果用户SHELL 用的是Bourne, Bash, 或者Korn shell 修改/etc/profile，并增加如
下内容。(在SuSe 操作系统上，则需要修改/etc/profile.local)：
if [ $USER = “mysql” ]; then
if [ $SHELL = “/bin/ksh” ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
5、安装数据库
5.1）解压数据库至/opt/mysql/product/5.5中
5.2）安装数据
[mysql@localhost ~]$ cd product/5.5/scripts/
[mysql@localhost scripts]$ ./mysql_install_db –basedir=$basedir –datadir=$datadir –user=mysql
5.3)设置my.cnf参数
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqladmin] socket =/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [client] port = 3306 socket =/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid basedir = /opt/mysql/product/5.5 datadir = /opt/mysql/mysqldata skip-external-locking = 1 interactive_timeout = 1200 wait_timeout = 1200 character-set-server = utf8 back_log = 500 default_time_zone = '+08:00' max_connections = 1000 max_connect_errors = 1000 connect_timeout = 300 table_open_cache = 100 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 8M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 8M join_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 32 thread_concurrency = 16 query_cache_size = 0M default-storage-engine = INNODB thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin =/opt/mysql/mysqllog/mysqlbin log-error=/opt/mysql/mysqllog/mysqld.err expire_logs_days = 7 binlog_format = ROW max_binlog_size = 300M slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file =/opt/mysql/mysqllog/mysqld-slow long_query_time = 10 tmpdir = /tmp server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128K innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend innodb_autoextend_increment = 64 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/mysql/mysqldata innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 40 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192
5.4）异常处理
5.4.1）直接通过mysqld_safe不能正常启动数据库
ln -s /opt/mysql/product/5.5 /usr/local/mysql
或者
ln -s /opt/mysql/product/5.5/bin/mysqld /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
5.4.2）mysql_secure_installation不能正常执行
1)
执行：/opt/mysql/product/5.5/bin/mysql_secure_installation出现以下错误，解决方法（ln -s /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /tmp/mysql.sock）
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)
2)
修改mysql_secure_installation 脚本的do_query 函数（推荐处理方法）
do_query() {
echo “$1″ >$command
#sed ‘s,^,> ,’ < $command # Debugging
# mysql --defaults-file=$config <$command ----此行修改如下：
mysql --defaults-extra-file=$config <$command
return $?
}
6、添加开机启动服务
修改mysql.server文件
basedir=/opt/mysql/product/5.5
datadir=/opt/mysql/mysqldata
[root@localhost ~]# cp /opt/mysql/product/5.5/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig –add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig –list mysqld
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off