1、磁盘组卸载/挂载

--查看当前磁盘组状态
SQL> select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 STATE                    TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
           1 ARCHIVELOG           MOUNTED                     12637      12585
           2 DATA                 MOUNTED                     10228       7644
           3 FLASHBACK            MOUNTED                      7836       7786
           4 DG2                  MOUNTED                      5114       5012
--卸载dg2磁盘组
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 dismount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 STATE                    TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
           1 ARCHIVELOG           MOUNTED                     12637      12585
           2 DATA                 MOUNTED                     10228       7644
           3 FLASHBACK            MOUNTED                      7836       7786
           0 DG2                  DISMOUNTED                      0          0
--挂载dg2磁盘组
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 STATE                    TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
           1 ARCHIVELOG           MOUNTED                     12637      12585
           2 DATA                 MOUNTED                     10228       7644
           3 FLASHBACK            MOUNTED                      7836       7786
           4 DG2                  MOUNTED                      5114       5012
--卸载所有磁盘组
SQL> alter diskgroup all dismount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 STATE                    TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
           0 DATA                 DISMOUNTED                      0          0
           0 DG2                  DISMOUNTED                      0          0
           0 FLASHBACK            DISMOUNTED                      0          0
           0 ARCHIVELOG           DISMOUNTED                      0          0
--挂载所有磁盘组
SQL> alter diskgroup all mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME                 STATE                    TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------ -------------------- ---------------------- ---------- ----------
           2 DATA                 MOUNTED                     10228       7644
           3 DG2                  MOUNTED                      5114       5012
           4 FLASHBACK            MOUNTED                      7836       7786
           1 ARCHIVELOG           MOUNTED                     12637      12585
--如果当前磁盘组有实例在访问，则不能被卸载
SQL> alter diskgroup data dismount;
alter diskgroup data dismount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15027: active use of diskgroup "DATA" precludes its dismount

2、磁盘组目录

--创建目录
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 add directory '+DG2/CHENGFEI';
Diskgroup altered.
--使用asmcmd查看（export ORACLE_SID=+ASM;asmcmd进入)
ASMCMD> pwd
+DG2
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type  Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
                                        N    CHENGFEI/
--目录重命名
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 rename directory '+DG2/CHENGFEI' TO '+DG2/XIFENFEI';
Diskgroup altered.
ASMCMD> ls
XIFENFEI/
--删除目录
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 drop directory '+DG2/xifenfei';
Diskgroup altered.
ASMCMD> ls
ASMCMD>

3、文件别名

--添加别名
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 add alias '+dg2/XIFENFEI' for '+dg2/tasm/datafile/XFF.256.754832383';
Diskgroup altered.
--使用asmcmd查看别名是否成功
ASMCMD> pwd
+dg2
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
                                            Y    TASM/
                                            N    XIFENFEI => +DG2/TASM/DATAFILE/XFF.256.754832383
--别名重命名
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 rename alias '+DG2/XIFENFEI' TO '+DG2/FEIFEI.DBF';
Diskgroup altered.
                                            N    XIFENFEI => +DG2/TASM/DATAFILE/XFF.256.754832383
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
                                            N    FEIFEI.DBF => +DG2/TASM/DATAFILE/XFF.256.754832383
                                           Y    TASM/
--删除别名
SQL> alter diskgroup dg2 drop alias '+dg2/feifei.dbf';
Diskgroup altered.
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type  Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
                                        Y    TASM/

说明：
1）asmcmd命令行操作中，目录文件名不区分大小写，命令关键字区分大小写
2）磁盘组中的一个文件，最多只能建立一个别名可以通过v$asm_alias视图查看别名的相关信息
ASM简单管理(1)

1、显示指定的ASM目录下ASM文件占用的所有磁盘空间
du
2、列出ASM目录下的内容及其属性
ls -ls
3、查看当前路径
pwd
4、打开目录
cd ../DATA
5、列出当前ASM客户端的信息
lsct
6、列出所有磁盘组及其属性
lsdg
7、列出数据文件信息
lsof
8、列出盘的信息
lsdsk
Note:大小写敏感

一、ASM磁盘和磁盘组管理
1、创建磁盘组
create diskgroup DG2 EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY DISK ‘ORCL:A1’;
Note:1)磁盘名称需要大写
2)磁盘名称使用V$asm_disk.path
2、磁盘组中添加磁盘
alter diskgroup dg2 add disk ‘ORCL:A2’;
Note:磁盘名称使用V$asm_disk.path
3、磁盘组中删除磁盘
alter diskgroup dg2 drop disk ‘a1’;
Note:磁盘名称使用的是V$asm_disk.name
4、删除磁盘组
drop diskgroup dg2 including contents;
二、ASM相关视图
1、查看是否有数据库实例连接上ASM实例
select instance_name,db_name,status from v$asm_client;
2、记录BALANCE操作
select operation,state,power,actual,sofar from v$asm_operation;
3、ASM DISK信息
select path, state, total_mb, free_mb from v$asm_disk;
4、ASM DISKGROUP信息
select name,state,type,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
三、ASM和表空间管理
1、ASM中创建表空间
create tablespace xff datafile ‘+DG2’ SIZE 100M;
2、ASM表空间中添加数据文件
alter tablespace xff add datafile ‘+dg2’ size 10m;
3、ASM表空间中删除数据文件
alter tablespace xff drop datafile ‘+DG2/xff/datafile/xff.257.747278679’;
或者
alter tablespace xff drop datafile 7;
4、删除表空间
drop tablespace xff including contents;

1、确定Linux版本
uname -a
Note:我的系统是redhat 5.5
2、下载asm的lib包
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/index-101839.html
根据Linux版本，选择合适版本下载（redhat 5.5 32位系统）
oracleasm-support-2.1.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.26.1.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
3、安装ams包（root）
rpm -Uvh oracleasm-support-2.1.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
rpm -Uvh oracleasm-2.6.18-194.26.1.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
rpm -Uvh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
4、配置ASM的库文件（root）
/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets (‘[]’). Hitting without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle
Default group to own the driver interface []: dba
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Fix permissions of Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: [ OK ]
Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: [ OK ]
Loading module “oracleasm”: [ OK ]
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: [ OK ]
Scanning system for ASM disks: [ OK ]
Note：需要实现创建oracle用户和dba组（一般安装oracle的系统上都会创建）
5、创建ASM磁盘（root）
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk XFF1 /dev/sdb1
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk XFF2 /dev/sdc1
6、配置CSS（root）
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig add