Database SOS – 第126页 – Professional Database Recovery Support@+8617813235971

DB2表空间管理(1)—基础篇

1.创建数据库

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create database xifenfei automatic storage yes
on /home/db2inst2/dbauto dbpath on /home/db2inst2/xifenfei
using codeset utf-8 territory cn collate using system"
DB20000I  The CREATE DATABASE command completed successfully.

DBPATH ON表示数据库目录
USING CONDESET codeset TERRITORY territory指定数据库编码集(Codeset)和区域(Territory)
automatic storage yes on /home/db2inst2/dbauto 表示启用自动存储管理，on指定路径

2.查看数据库

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 list db directory
 System Database Directory
 Number of entries in the directory = 1
Database 1 entry:
 Database alias                       = XIFENFEI
 Database name                        = XIFENFEI
 Local database directory             = /home/db2inst2/xifenfei
 Database release level               = c.00
 Comment                              =
 Directory entry type                 = Indirect
 Catalog database partition number    = 0
 Alternate server hostname            =
 Alternate server port number         =

3.连接数据库

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 connect to xifenfei
   Database Connection Information
 Database server        = DB2/LINUX 9.5.0
 SQL authorization ID   = DB2INST2
 Local database alias   = XIFENFEI

4.创建缓冲池

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create bufferpool bp32k size 100 pagesize 32k"
DB20000I  The SQL command completed successfully.

DB2默认创建库指创建4k的bufferpool，因为下面需要创建32k的表空间，所以需要先创建32k的bufferpool

5.创建数据库管理(DMS)的数据表空间

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create large tablespace tbs_data pagesize 32k managed by database
using (file '/home/db2inst2/dms/tbs_data01.dbf' 100M) extentsize 32 prefetchsize automatic
bufferpool bp32k no file system caching"
DB20000I  The SQL command completed successfully.

no file system caching关闭文件系统缓存,默认选项

6.创建系统管理(SMS)的临时表空间

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create temporary tablespace tbs_temp pagesize 32k
managed by system using ('/home/db2inst2/xifenfei/temp')  bufferpool bp32k"
DB20000I  The SQL command completed successfully.

7.创建系统管理(SMS)的用户临时表空间

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create user temporary tablespace tbs_user_temp pagesize 32k
managed by system using ('/home/db2inst2/xifenfei/user_temp')  bufferpool bp32k"
DB20000I  The SQL command completed successfully.

8.自动存储管理(Automatic Storage)的表空间

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create tablespace tbs_index pagesize 32k bufferpool bp32k"
DB20000I  The SQL command completed successfully.
[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 "create tablespace tbs_data2 initialsize 10M increasesize 10M maxsize 10G"
DB20000I  The SQL command completed successfully.

数据表空间选择DMS,临时表空间选择SMS

9.查看表空间状态

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 list tablespaces show detail
           Tablespaces for Current Database
 Tablespace ID                        = 0
 Name                                 = SYSCATSPACE
 Type                                 = Database managed space
 Contents                             = All permanent data. Regular table space.
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 16384
 Useable pages                        = 16380
 Used pages                           = 10500
 Free pages                           = 5880
 High water mark (pages)              = 10500
 Page size (bytes)                    = 4096
 Extent size (pages)                  = 4
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 4
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 1
 Name                                 = TEMPSPACE1
 Type                                 = System managed space
 Contents                             = System Temporary data
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 1
 Useable pages                        = 1
 Used pages                           = 1
 Free pages                           = Not applicable
 High water mark (pages)              = Not applicable
 Page size (bytes)                    = 4096
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 2
 Name                                 = USERSPACE1
 Type                                 = Database managed space
 Contents                             = All permanent data. Large table space.
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 8192
 Useable pages                        = 8160
 Used pages                           = 96
 Free pages                           = 8064
 High water mark (pages)              = 96
 Page size (bytes)                    = 4096
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 3
 Name                                 = TBS_DATA
 Type                                 = Database managed space
 Contents                             = All permanent data. Large table space.
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 3200
 Useable pages                        = 3168
 Used pages                           = 96
 Free pages                           = 3072
 High water mark (pages)              = 96
 Page size (bytes)                    = 32768
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 4
 Name                                 = TBS_TEMP
 Type                                 = System managed space
 Contents                             = System Temporary data
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 1
 Useable pages                        = 1
 Used pages                           = 1
 Free pages                           = Not applicable
 High water mark (pages)              = Not applicable
 Page size (bytes)                    = 32768
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 5
 Name                                 = TBS_USER_TEMP
 Type                                 = System managed space
 Contents                             = User Temporary data
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 1
 Useable pages                        = 1
 Used pages                           = 1
 Free pages                           = Not applicable
 High water mark (pages)              = Not applicable
 Page size (bytes)                    = 32768
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 6
 Name                                 = TBS_INDEX
 Type                                 = Database managed space
 Contents                             = All permanent data. Large table space.
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 1024
 Useable pages                        = 992
 Used pages                           = 96
 Free pages                           = 896
 High water mark (pages)              = 96
 Page size (bytes)                    = 32768
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1
 Tablespace ID                        = 7
 Name                                 = TBS_DATA2
 Type                                 = Database managed space
 Contents                             = All permanent data. Large table space.
 State                                = 0x0000
   Detailed explanation:
     Normal
 Total pages                          = 2560
 Useable pages                        = 2528
 Used pages                           = 96
 Free pages                           = 2432
 High water mark (pages)              = 96
 Page size (bytes)                    = 4096
 Extent size (pages)                  = 32
 Prefetch size (pages)                = 32
 Number of containers                 = 1

10.查看表空间和容器相关信息

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 list tablespace containers for 6 show detail
            Tablespace Containers for Tablespace 6
 Container ID                         = 0
 Name                                 = /home/db2inst2/dbauto/db2inst2/NODE0000/XIFENFEI/T0000006/C0000000.LRG
 Type                                 = File
 Total pages                          = 1024
 Useable pages                        = 992
 Accessible                           = Yes

11.显示表空间配置信息/使用信息/容器信息

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2pd -d xifenfei -tablespaces
Database Partition 0 -- Database XIFENFEI -- Active -- Up 0 days 01:07:23
Tablespace Configuration:
Address    Id    Type Content PageSz ExtentSz Auto Prefetch BufID BufIDDisk FSC NumCntrs MaxStripe  LastConsecPg Name
0x9F43E060 0     DMS  Regular 4096   4        Yes  4        1     1         Off 1        0          3            SYSCATSPACE
0x9F43E6B0 1     SMS  SysTmp  4096   32       Yes  32       1     1         On  1        0          31           TEMPSPACE1
0x9F442EB0 2     DMS  Large   4096   32       Yes  32       1     1         Off 1        0          31           USERSPACE1
0x9F73B2E0 3     DMS  Large   32768  32       Yes  32       2     2         Off 1        0          31           TBS_DATA
0x9FAFE320 4     SMS  SysTmp  32768  32       Yes  32       2     2         On  1        0          31           TBS_TEMP
0x9FB029B0 5     SMS  UsrTmp  32768  32       Yes  32       2     2         On  1        0          31           TBS_USER_TEMP
0x9FB05420 6     DMS  Large   32768  32       Yes  32       2     2         Off 1        0          31           TBS_INDEX
0x9FB0BB20 7     DMS  Large   4096   32       Yes  32       1     1         Off 1        0          31           TBS_DATA2
Tablespace Statistics:
Address    Id    TotalPgs   UsablePgs  UsedPgs    PndFreePgs FreePgs    HWM        State      MinRecTime NQuiescers
0x9F43E060 0     16384      16380      10500      0          5880       10500      0x00000000 0          0
0x9F43E6B0 1     1          1          1          0          0          0          0x00000000 0          0
0x9F442EB0 2     8192       8160       96         0          8064       96         0x00000000 0          0
0x9F73B2E0 3     3200       3168       96         0          3072       96         0x00000000 0          0
0x9FAFE320 4     1          1          1          0          0          0          0x00000000 0          0
0x9FB029B0 5     1          1          1          0          0          0          0x00000000 0          0
0x9FB05420 6     1024       992        96         0          896        96         0x00000000 0          0
0x9FB0BB20 7     2560       2528       96         0          2432       96         0x00000000 0          0
Tablespace Autoresize Statistics:
Address    Id    AS  AR  InitSize    IncSize     IIP MaxSize     LastResize                 LRF
0x9F43E060 0     Yes Yes 33554432    -1          No  None        None                       No
0x9F43E6B0 1     Yes No  0           0           No  0           None                       No
0x9F442EB0 2     Yes Yes 33554432    -1          No  None        None                       No
0x9F73B2E0 3     No  No  0           0           No  0           None                       No
0x9FAFE320 4     No  No  0           0           No  0           None                       No
0x9FB029B0 5     No  No  0           0           No  0           None                       No
0x9FB05420 6     Yes Yes 33554432    -1          No  None        None                       No
0x9FB0BB20 7     Yes Yes 10485760    10485760    No  -2147483648 None                       No
Containers:
Address    TspId ContainNum Type    TotalPgs   UseablePgs StripeSet  Container
0x989BDE10 0     0          File    16384      16380      0          /home/db2inst2/dbauto/db2inst2/NODE0000/XIFENFEI/T0000000/C0000000.CAT
0x9F43ED00 1     0          Path    1          1          0          /home/db2inst2/dbauto/db2inst2/NODE0000/XIFENFEI/T0000001/C0000000.TMP
0x9F443500 2     0          File    8192       8160       0          /home/db2inst2/dbauto/db2inst2/NODE0000/XIFENFEI/T0000002/C0000000.LRG
0x9F73B930 3     0          File    3200       3168       0          /home/db2inst2/dms/tbs_data01.dbf
0x9F73DE90 4     0          Path    1          1          0          /home/db2inst2/xifenfei/temp
0x9FB05020 5     0          Path    1          1          0          /home/db2inst2/xifenfei/user_temp
0x9FB0B4A0 6     0          File    1024       992        0          /home/db2inst2/dbauto/db2inst2/NODE0000/XIFENFEI/T0000006/C0000000.LRG
0x9FB0C170 7     0          File    2560       2528       0          /home/db2inst2/dbauto/db2inst2/NODE0000/XIFENFEI/T0000007/C0000000.LRG

DB2实例管理

1.创建新实例

[root@xifenfei ~]# cd /opt/db2/V9.5/instance/
[root@xifenfei instance]# ./db2icrt -h
DBI1001I  Usage:
 db2icrt [-h|-?]
         [-d]
         [-a AuthType]
         [-p PortName]
         [-s InstType]
         -u FencedID InstName
[root@xifenfei instance]# useradd Fence2
[root@xifenfei instance]# passwd Fence2
Changing password for user Fence2.
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@xifenfei instance]# useradd db2inst2
[root@xifenfei instance]# passwd db2inst2
Changing password for user db2inst2.
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@xifenfei instance]# ./db2icrt -a server -p 55555 -s ese -u Fence2 db2inst2
DBI1070I  Program db2icrt completed successfully.
[root@xifenfei instance]# su - db2inst2
[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2 get instance
 The current database manager instance is:  db2inst2
[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2ilist
db2inst1
db2inst2
[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2greg -dump
S,DB2,9.5.0.0,/opt/db2/V9.5,,,0,0,,1332659153,0
S,DAS,9.5.0.0,/opt/db2/V9.5/das,lib/libdb2dasgcf.so,,,, ,,
I,DAS,9.5.0.0,dasusr1,/home/dasusr1/das,,1,,/opt/db2/V9.5/das,,
I,DB2,9.5.0.0,db2inst1,/home/db2inst1/sqllib,,1,0,/opt/db2/V9.5,,
I,DB2,9.5.0.0,db2inst2,/home/db2inst2/sqllib,,1,0,/opt/db2/V9.5,,

2.启动关闭实例

[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2stop
03/31/2012 11:57:48     0   0   SQL1064N  DB2STOP processing was successful.
SQL1064N  DB2STOP processing was successful.
[db2inst2@xifenfei ~]$ db2start
03/31/2012 11:57:52     0   0   SQL1063N  DB2START processing was successful.
SQL1063N  DB2START processing was successful.

3.删除实例

--先需要关闭实例
[root@xifenfei instance]# ./db2idrop db2inst2
DBI1070I  Program db2idrop completed successfully.

hint指定index的深入理解

模拟环境
创建一个表，含有位图index和b-tree index

SQL> create table t_xifenfei as
  2  select object_id,object_name from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> create index b_tree_t_xifenfei on t_xifenfei(object_id);
Index created.
SQL> CREATE BITMAP INDEX  bitmap_t_xifenfei on t_xifenfei(object_name);
Index created.
SQL> BEGIN
  2  dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(USER,'T_XIFENFEI',cascade => true);
  3  END;
  4  /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

无index hint

SQL> SET AUTOT TRACE EXPL STAT
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID FROM t_xifenfei;
845708 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 548923532
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |            |   841K|  4109K|   886   (3)| 00:00:11 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| T_XIFENFEI |   841K|  4109K|   886   (3)| 00:00:11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
      60525  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
   15543305  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
     620649  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
      56382  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
     845708  rows processed

这里因为object_id列可能有null值，所以不会使用b_tree_t_xifenfei索引，预料之中事件

index hint b_tree_t_xifenfei

SQL> SET  LINESIZE 150
SQL> SELECT /*+ INDEX(T b_tree_t_xifenfei) */object_id from t_xifenfei t;
845708 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1935372603
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name              | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                   |   841K|  4109K| 18940   (1)| 00:03:48 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | T_XIFENFEI        |   841K|  4109K| 18940   (1)| 00:03:48 |
|   2 |   BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS|                   |       |       |            |          |
|   3 |    BITMAP INDEX FULL SCAN    | BITMAP_T_XIFENFEI |       |       |            |          |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
      91537  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
   42362633  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
     620649  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
      56382  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
     845708  rows processed

这里因为object_id列可能有null值，所以不会使用b_tree_t_xifenfei索引，这里的疑惑是：
就算不会使用b_tree_t_xifenfei index也不应该会使用BITMAP_T_XIFENFEI index，因为使用这个的cost会大于全表扫描

index hint 一个无效index

SQL> SELECT /*+ INDEX(T abc) */object_id from t_xifenfei t;
845708 rows selected.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1935372603
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name              | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |                   |   841K|  4109K| 18940   (1)| 00:03:48 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | T_XIFENFEI        |   841K|  4109K| 18940   (1)| 00:03:48 |
|   2 |   BITMAP CONVERSION TO ROWIDS|                   |       |       |            |          |
|   3 |    BITMAP INDEX FULL SCAN    | BITMAP_T_XIFENFEI |       |       |            |          |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
          1  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
      91537  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
   42362633  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
     620649  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
      56382  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
     845708  rows processed

这里使用了一个无效的index，也使用了BITMAP_T_XIFENFEI，让人更加的感觉奇怪

原因分析
If the INDEX hint specifies no indexes, then the optimizer considers the cost of a scan on each available index on the table and then performs the index scan with the lowest cost. The database can also choose to scan multiple indexes and merge the results, if such an access path has the lowest cost. The optimizer does not consider a full table scan.
如果我们使用hint指定了一个无效的index，优化器会扫描表中所有可以使用的index，然后选择cost最小的index或者index组合，而不会选择全表扫描。
因为我们hint指定b_tree_t_xifenfei index的时候，因为object_id可能有值为空(列没定义为not null)，所以不能使用该index，从而也就是相当于一个无效的index，从而扫描该表的其他可以使用的index，导致使用了位图索引(该类型index不排除null)，而不是全表扫描.
温馨提示:使用hint指定index的时候需要慎重，如果不合适或者无效，可能导致程序效率更低

通过dump分析undo镜像内容

一.模拟表并插入数据

SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.3.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> create table t_xff(id number,name varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into t_xff values(1,'a');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t_xff values(2,'b');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t_xff values(3,'c');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL>  select   rowid,
  2   dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid)rel_fno,
  3   dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid)blockno,
  4   dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
  5   from t_xff;
ROWID                 REL_FNO    BLOCKNO      ROWNO
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAASfUAAEAAAACvAAA          4        175          0
AAASfUAAEAAAACvAAB          4        175          1
AAASfUAAEAAAACvAAC          4        175          2

二.dump当前表数据

SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 175;
System altered.
--表中数据
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f90
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1  cc: 2
col  0: [ 2]  c1 02
col  1: [ 1]  61
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f88
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1  cc: 2
col  0: [ 2]  c1 03
col  1: [ 1]  62     <---注意原始值(b)
tab 0, row 2, @0x1f80
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x1  cc: 2
col  0: [ 2]  c1 04
col  1: [ 1]  63

三.修改表中数据(新建会话并不提交)

SQL> select * from t_xff;
        ID NAME
---------- --------------------
         1 a
         2 b
         3 c
SQL> update t_xff set name='F' where id=2;
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from t_xff;
        ID NAME
---------- --------------------
         1 a
         2 F
         3 c

四.dump修改后数据块

SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
SQL> alter system dump datafile 4 block 175;
System altered.
block_row_dump:
tab 0, row 0, @0x1f90
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0  cc: 2
col  0: [ 2]  c1 02
col  1: [ 1]  61
tab 0, row 1, @0x1f88
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x2  cc: 2
col  0: [ 2]  c1 03
col  1: [ 1]  46     <--数据内容已经修改(由b改为了F)
tab 0, row 2, @0x1f80
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0  cc: 2
col  0: [ 2]  c1 04
col  1: [ 1]  63
end_of_block_dump

五.找出本次更新操作对应undo块
1.通过v$transaction视图找出

SQL> select xidusn,xidslot,xidsqn,ubablk,ubafil,ubarec from v$transaction;
    XIDUSN    XIDSLOT     XIDSQN     UBABLK     UBAFIL     UBAREC
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         2         31        750       8155          3          6

2.通过更新块的XID信息找出

Block header dump:  0x010000af
 Object id on Block? Y
 seg/obj: 0x127d4  csc: 0x00.11216d  itc: 2  flg: E  typ: 1 - DATA
     brn: 0  bdba: 0x10000a8 ver: 0x01 opc: 0
     inc: 0  exflg: 0
 Itl           Xid                  Uba         Flag  Lck        Scn/Fsc
0x01   0x000a.003.000001ff  0x00c01748.009f.10  C---    0  scn 0x0000.00112130
0x02   0x0002.01f.000002ee  0x00c01fdb.00f5.06  ----    1  fsc 0x0000.00000000
bdba: 0x010000af
data_block_dump,data header at 0xb6ce9664
--这里可以看出Itl=0x02为锁信息
SQL> select name from v$rollname where usn=2;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------
_SYSSMU2_4228238222$
SQL> alter system dump undo header "_SYSSMU2_4228238222$";
System altered.
 index  state cflags  wrap#    uel         scn            dba            parent-xid    nub     stmt_num    cmt
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   0x00    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0019  0x0000.0010cc90  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x01    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0018  0x0000.0010cf00  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333662985
   0x02    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0000  0x0000.0010cc84  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x03    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0011  0x0000.00112094  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670810
   0x04    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0012  0x0000.0010ccc1  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x05    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0017  0x0000.0010cd13  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x06    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0004  0x0000.0010ccb9  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x07    9    0x00  0x02ee  0xffff  0x0000.00112119  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670830
   0x08    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0006  0x0000.0010ccab  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x09    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x000a  0x0000.0010ccf4  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x0a    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0014  0x0000.0010ccf8  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x0b    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x001a  0x0000.0010d061  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333663886
   0x0c    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0009  0x0000.0010ccdc  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x0d    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0001  0x0000.0010ce1f  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333662386
   0x0e    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x001d  0x0000.00112113  0x00c01fdb  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670830
   0x0f    9    0x00  0x02ed  0x0002  0x0000.0010cc79  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x10    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x001e  0x0000.00112017  0x00000000  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000000   0x00000000  1333670781
   0x11    9    0x00  0x02ed  0x000e  0x0000.001120dd  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670813
   0x12    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x000c  0x0000.0010ccd3  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x13    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0016  0x0000.0010cd2e  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x14    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0005  0x0000.0010cd0b  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x15    9    0x00  0x02ed  0x0020  0x0000.0010cc9d  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x16    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x000d  0x0000.0010cd33  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x17    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0013  0x0000.0010cd20  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x18    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x000b  0x0000.0010d051  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333663886
   0x19    9    0x00  0x02ed  0x0015  0x0000.0010cc96  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x1a    9    0x00  0x02ed  0x001b  0x0000.0010d102  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000002   0x00000000  1333664305
   0x1b    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0010  0x0000.0010d13e  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333664453
   0x1c    9    0x00  0x02c5  0x000f  0x0000.0010cc72  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x1d    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0007  0x0000.00112115  0x00c01fdb  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670830
   0x1e    9    0x00  0x02ee  0x0021  0x0000.00112035  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670797
   0x1f   10    0x80  0x02ee  0x0003  0x0000.00112157  0x00c01fdb  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  0
   0x20    9    0x00  0x02ed  0x0008  0x0000.0010cca3  0x00c01fd3  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333661786
   0x21    9    0x00  0x02ec  0x0003  0x0000.00112052  0x00c01fda  0x0000.000.00000000  0x00000001   0x00000000  1333670803
SQL> select to_number('00c01fdb','xxxxxxxxxxx') from dual;
TO_NUMBER('00C01FDB','XXXXXXXXXXX')
-----------------------------------
                           12591067
SQL> select dbms_utility.data_block_address_file(12591067) file#,
  2  dbms_utility.data_block_address_block(12591067) block  from dual;
     FILE#      BLOCK
---------- ----------
         3       8155

3.通过更新块的Uba信息找出

00c01fdb 对应的2进制为:
0000 0000  11 | 00 0000 0001 1111 1101 1011
2+1=3           4096+2048+1024+512+256+128+64+16+8+2+1=8155

六.dump 对应undo数据块

SQL> alter system dump datafile 3 block 8155;
System altered.
uba: 0x00c01fdb.00f5.04 ctl max scn: 0x0000.0010cc60 prv tx scn: 0x0000.0010cc6e
txn start scn: scn: 0x0000.00112028 logon user: 84
 prev brb: 12591059 prev bcl: 0
KDO undo record:
KTB Redo
op: 0x03  ver: 0x01
compat bit: 4 (post-11) padding: 1
op: Z
Array Update of 1 rows:
tabn: 0 slot: 1(0x1) flag: 0x2c lock: 0 ckix: 0
ncol: 2 nnew: 1 size: 0
KDO Op code:  21 row dependencies Disabled
  xtype: XAxtype KDO_KDOM2 flags: 0x00000080  bdba: 0x010000af  hdba: 0x010000aa
itli: 2  ispac: 0  maxfr: 4858
vect = 3
col  1: [ 1]  62   <---以前的值(b)

试验说明:数据库的undo只是保存修改值的前镜像，而非修改数据块或者行记录的镜像

ORA-00600[729]分析和处理方法

alert中ORA-00600[729]

Fri Apr  6 04:30:04 2012
Errors in file /oracle9/app/admin/crm/udump/crm2_ora_2548236.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [729], [1067976], [space leak], [], [], [], [], []

a. the first bracketed number [729] is the common argument for space leak problems.
b. the second number [1067976] is the number of bytes leaked by the error.
c. the third argument is always [space leak].

分析trace文件

*** 2012-04-06 04:30:04.656
*** SESSION ID:(1361.35607) 2012-04-06 04:30:04.648
******** ERROR: UGA memory leak detected 1067976 ********
******************************************************
HEAP DUMP heap name="session heap"  desc=1103a05f0

a. the memory was leaked from the UGA area
b. the amount leaked is reported again in the text (1067976 bytes).
c. the above few lines describe this dump as SESSION HEAP with the descriptor 0x1103a05f0.

计算泄露内存大小

******************************************************
HEAP DUMP heap name="session heap"  desc=1103a05f0
 extent sz=0xff80 alt=32767 het=32767 rec=0 flg=3 opc=3
 parent=110009628 owner=700000c3b6f5620 nex=0 xsz=0xff80
EXTENT 0 addr=1107dbf50
  Chunk        1107dbf60 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 1 addr=1107cbf50
  Chunk        1107cbf60 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 2 addr=110541da0
  Chunk        110541db0 sz=    61312    free      "               "
EXTENT 3 addr=11062ae88
  Chunk        11062ae98 sz=   266264    freeable  "kllcqgf:kllsltb"
EXTENT 4 addr=1105dae88
  Chunk        1105dae98 sz=   266264    freeable  "kllcqgf:kllsltb"
EXTENT 5 addr=110550d48
  Chunk        110550d58 sz=   266264    freeable  "kllcqgf:kllsltb"
EXTENT 6 addr=110500d48
  Chunk        110500d58 sz=   266264    freeable  "kllcqgf:kllsltb"
EXTENT 7 addr=1104e1df0
  Chunk        1104e1e00 sz=      200    perm      "perm           "  alo=200
  Chunk        1104e1ec8 sz=    65192    free      "               "
EXTENT 8 addr=1104c1df0
  Chunk        1104c1e00 sz=    40720    perm      "perm           "  alo=40720
  Chunk        1104cbd10 sz=       56    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104cbd48 sz=      408    freeable  "kcbl_structure_"
  Chunk        1104cbee0 sz=     6952    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104cda08 sz=     2424    freeable  "kllcqc:kllcqslt"
  Chunk        1104ce380 sz=    14832    free      "               "
EXTENT 9 addr=1104d1df0
  Chunk        1104d1e00 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 10 addr=1104b1df0
  Chunk        1104b1e00 sz=      544    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104b2020 sz=       88    freeable  "kllcqc:kllcq   "
  Chunk        1104b2078 sz=    64760    free      "               "
EXTENT 11 addr=110427390
  Chunk        1104273a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 12 addr=110417390
  Chunk        1104173a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 13 addr=110407390
  Chunk        1104073a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 14 addr=1103f7390
  Chunk        1103f73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 15 addr=1103e7390
  Chunk        1103e73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 16 addr=1103d7390
  Chunk        1103d73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 17 addr=1103c7390
  Chunk        1103c73a0 sz=      408    free      "               "
  Chunk        1103c7538 sz=     2232    perm      "perm           "  alo=2232
  Chunk        1103c7df0 sz=    62752    free      "               "
EXTENT 18 addr=1103b7390
  Chunk        1103b73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
EXTENT 19 addr=110370080
  Chunk        110370090 sz=     2008    perm      "perm           "  alo=2008
  Chunk        110370868 sz=    63384    free      "               "
EXTENT 20 addr=110360098
  Chunk        1103600a8 sz=    20424    perm      "perm           "  alo=20424
  Chunk        110365070 sz=    44944    free      "               "
Total heap size    =  2172616
FREE LISTS:
 Bucket 0 size=56
  Chunk        1104cbd10 sz=       56    free      "               "
 Bucket 1 size=88
 Bucket 2 size=152
 Bucket 3 size=168
 Bucket 4 size=280
  Chunk        1103c73a0 sz=      408    free      "               "
 Bucket 5 size=432
 Bucket 6 size=536
  Chunk        1104b1e00 sz=      544    free      "               "
 Bucket 7 size=1048
 Bucket 8 size=2072
 Bucket 9 size=4120
  Chunk        1104cbee0 sz=     6952    free      "               "
 Bucket 10 size=8216
  Chunk        1104ce380 sz=    14832    free      "               "
 Bucket 11 size=16408
 Bucket 12 size=32792
  Chunk        110365070 sz=    44944    free      "               "
  Chunk        110370868 sz=    63384    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104d1e00 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1103b73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1103c7df0 sz=    62752    free      "               "
  Chunk        1103d73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1103f73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104073a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104b2078 sz=    64760    free      "               "
  Chunk        1103e73a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104e1ec8 sz=    65192    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104273a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1104173a0 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        1107cbf60 sz=    65392    free      "               "
  Chunk        110541db0 sz=    61312    free      "               "
  Chunk        1107dbf60 sz=    65392    free      "               "
 Bucket 13 size=65560
 Bucket 14 size=131096
 Bucket 15 size=262168
 Bucket 16 size=524312
 Bucket 17 size=2097176
Total free space   =  1039056
UNPINNED RECREATABLE CHUNKS (lru first):
PERMANENT CHUNKS:
  Chunk        1104e1e00 sz=      200    perm      "perm           "  alo=200
  Chunk        1104c1e00 sz=    40720    perm      "perm           "  alo=40720
  Chunk        1103c7538 sz=     2232    perm      "perm           "  alo=2232
  Chunk        110370090 sz=     2008    perm      "perm           "  alo=2008
  Chunk        1103600a8 sz=    20424    perm      "perm           "  alo=20424
Permanent space    =    65584
******************************************************

FREEABLE and RECREATABLE chunks总和等于1067976 byte(leaked memory)

会话状态分析

*** 2012-04-06 04:30:04.658
ksedmp: internal or fatal error
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [729], [1067976], [space leak], [], [], [], [], []
----- Call Stack Trace -----
calling              call     entry                argument values in hex
location             type     point                (? means dubious value)
-------------------- -------- -------------------- ----------------------------
ksedmp+0148          bl       ksedst               1029746FC ?
ksfdmp+0018          bl       01FD4014
kgeriv+0118          bl       _ptrgl
kgesiv+0080          bl       kgeriv               000000001 ? 000000002 ?
                                                   1100610D0 ? 000000000 ?
                                                   00000000A ?
ksesic2+005c         bl       kgesiv               FFFFFFFFFFF9320 ? 1101FAF78 ?
                                                   110006308 ? 1103A0818 ?
                                                   000000009 ?
ksmuhe+026c          bl       ksesic2              2D9000002D9 ? 000000000 ?
                                                   000104BC8 ? 000000001 ?
                                                   00000000A ? 103164968 ?
                                                   12E0BE826D694B2F ?
                                                   000000000 ?
ksmugf+0214          bl       ksmuhe               110002A20 ? 110061238 ?
                                                   000000009 ? 102975DE8 ?
ksuxds+170c          bl       ksmugf               000000000 ? 020000000 ?
                                                   1029754D0 ?
ksudel+006c          bl       ksuxds               700000C3B6F5620 ? 100000001 ?
opilof+03dc          bl       01FD427C             <--表示logoff
opiodr+08cc          bl       _ptrgl
ttcpip+0cc4          bl       _ptrgl
opitsk+0d60          bl       ttcpip               11000CF90 ? 000000000 ?
                                                   000000000 ? 000000000 ?
                                                   000000000 ? 000000000 ?
                                                   000000000 ? 000000000 ?
opiino+0758          bl       opitsk               000000000 ? 000000000 ?
opiodr+08cc          bl       _ptrgl
opidrv+032c          bl       opiodr               3C00000018 ? 4101FAF78 ?
                                                   FFFFFFFFFFFF7B0 ? 0A000F350 ?
sou2o+0028           bl       opidrv               3C0C000000 ? 4A00E8B50 ?
                                                   FFFFFFFFFFFF7B0 ?
main+0138            bl       01FD3A28
__start+0098         bl       main                 000000000 ? 000000000 ?
--------------------- Binary Stack Dump ---------------------
………………
 ----------------------------------------
    SO: 700000c3b6f5620, type: 4, owner: 700000c3c987a18, flag: INIT/-/-/0x00
--flag: (41) USR/- BSY/-/-/DEL/-/- shows that the session has been deleted
    (session) trans: 0, creator: 700000c3c987a18, flag: (41) USR/- BSY/-/-/DEL/-/-
              DID: 0002-0927-01D67CAD, short-term DID: 0000-0000-00000000
              txn branch: 0
              oct: 0, prv: 0, sql: 700000caf2c0e30, psql: 700000caf2c0e30, user: 52/MONITOR
    O/S info: user: oracrm, term: , ospid: 1490968, machine: zwq_crm2
              program: exp@zwq_crm2 (TNS V1-V3)
    last wait for 'SQL*Net message from client' blocking sess=0x0 seq=59222 wait_time=1537
                driver id=54435000, #bytes=1, =0
    temporary object counter: 0
    ----------------------------------------

a.在logoff的时候发生UGA中的session heap发生内存泄露
b.该进程是一个exp导出数据库程序，并且该程序已经被释放

出现ORA-00600[729]原因

Memory leak problems generally occur when Oracle is trying to free memory allocated to a process.
The memory leak dump is generally discovered during session logoff,
when Oracle frees the heaps that are allocated for the user process.
When a user connects to Oracle, a user process is created and at that time the heap is allocated.
Every process will have its own memory heap.
The memory is organized in to heaps and every heap consists of one or more extents.
Each extent contains a series of contiguous memory chunks, and these chunks can be
either FREE or ALLOCATED. The Generic Heap Manager takes care of allocating and deallocating
the memory chunks, with the help of FREE LISTS and LRU LISTS.
Chunk types are as follows:
1. FREE
2. FREEABLE
3. RECREATABLE
4. PERMANENT
5. FREEABLE WITH MARK
It is not mandatory that each extent contain only one type of chunk.
Extents can contain various types of chunks. When processes require memory chunks,
they are allocated as needed. Oracle keeps track of the amount of memory allocated for the process internally.
When the process terminates, all of the memory that has been allocated for the process is automatically released.
When the memory is released the allocated heaps are freed. Generally,
when the heap is freed the only chunks that the process should identify
as allocated are the PERMANENT chunks and FREE chunks on the freelist.
If the process finds there are still FREEABLE or RECREATABLE chunks remaining,
then the process has not properly deallocated the memory.
This situation is considered a space leak.

ORA-00600[729]处理方案

1. If there are no other errors reported at the same time,
this may be a case where the error was a rare occurrence and can be safely ignored.
As a rule of thumb, leaks less than 90,000 bytes in size are considered to be of low significance.
The solution in this case is to set event 10262 (see below).
a. Set the following event in init.ora parameter file.
   This example disables reporting for space leaks less than 90000 bytes:
event = "10262 trace name context forever, level 90000"
b. Stop and restart the database.
If the level is set to 1, space leak checking is disabled.
This is not advised because large memory leaks will be missed.
If the event is set to a value greater than 1,
any space leak up to the number specified in the event is ignored.
2. Is the leak in the SGA? The alert.log should be reviewed for additional
errors such as ORA-4030 and ORA-4031 to ensure there are no additional
problems with the shared pool or operating system memory.
3. Does the error reproduce with a given task? If so, this is
a case that should be investigated further because the leak could be a known bug.
See Note 31056.1 ORA-600 [729] UGA Space Leak for a list of known bugs and fixes.

参考:Understanding and Diagnosing ORA-600 [729] Space Leak Errors [ID 403584.1]

ORA-00001: unique constraint (PERFSTAT.STATS$SQL_SUMMARY_PK) violated

出现如下错误(ORA-00001: unique constraint (PERFSTAT.STATS$SQL_SUMMARY_PK) violated)

Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.6.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 9.2.0.6.0 - Production
ORACLE_HOME = /oracle9/app/product/9.2.0
System name:    AIX
Node name:      zwq_bill_1
Release:        1
Version:        6
Machine:        00F64FF34C00
Instance name: bill1
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 30
Unix process pid: 46531060, image: oracle@zwq_bill_1 (J000)
*** SESSION ID:(218.47085) 2012-04-02 19:30:45.561
*** 2012-04-02 19:30:45.561
ORA-12012: error on auto execute of job 1
ORA-00001: unique constraint (PERFSTAT.STATS$SQL_SUMMARY_PK) violated
ORA-06512: at "PERFSTAT.STATSPACK", line 1361
ORA-06512: at "PERFSTAT.STATSPACK", line 2471
ORA-06512: at "PERFSTAT.STATSPACK", line 91
ORA-06512: at line 1

这个是oracle的一个Bug 2784796,提供解决方法有
1.run the statspack at level 0
2.restart the instance
3.set cursor sharing to exact (probably not feasible)
4.禁用主键，创建合适非唯一index

ALTER TABLE PERFSTAT.STATS$SQL_SUMMARY MODIFY
CONSTRAINT STATS$SQL_SUMMARY_PK DISABLE NOVALIDATE;

5.修改STATS$V_$SQLXS视图
分析思路如下:
1)根据主键冲突找到主键包含列(spctab.sql)

create table          STATS$SQL_SUMMARY
(snap_id              number(6)        not null
,dbid                 number           not null
,instance_number      number           not null
,text_subset          varchar2(31)     not null
,sql_text             varchar2(1000)
,sharable_mem         number
,sorts                number
,module               varchar2(64)
,loaded_versions      number
,fetches              number
,executions           number
,loads                number
,invalidations        number
,parse_calls          number
,disk_reads           number
,buffer_gets          number
,rows_processed       number
,command_type         number
,address              raw(8)
,hash_value           number
,version_count        number
,cpu_time             number
,elapsed_time         number
,outline_sid          number
,outline_category     varchar2(64)
,child_latch          number
--注意下面5列构成主键
,constraint STATS$SQL_SUMMARY_PK primary key
    (snap_id, dbid, instance_number, hash_value, text_subset)
 using index tablespace &&tablespace_name
   storage (initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 0)
,constraint STATS$SQL_SUMMARY_FK foreign key (snap_id, dbid, instance_number)
                references STATS$SNAPSHOT on delete cascade
)tablespace &&tablespace_name
storage (initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 0) pctfree 5 pctused 40;

2)找到该表插入数据(spcpkg.sql)

insert into stats$sql_summary
            ( snap_id
            , dbid
            , instance_number
            , text_subset
            , sharable_mem
            , sorts
            , module
            , loaded_versions
            , fetches
            , executions
            , loads
            , invalidations
            , parse_calls
            , disk_reads
            , buffer_gets
            , rows_processed
            , command_type
            , address
            , hash_value
            , version_count
            , cpu_time
            , elapsed_time
            , outline_sid
            , outline_category
            , child_latch
            )
       select l_snap_id
            , p_dbid
            , p_instance_number
            , substrb(sql_text,1,31)
            , sharable_mem
            , sorts
            , module
            , loaded_versions
            , fetches
            , executions
            , loads
            , invalidations
            , parse_calls
            , disk_reads
            , buffer_gets
            , rows_processed
            , command_type
            , address
            , hash_value
            , version_count
            , cpu_time
            , elapsed_time
            , outline_sid
            , outline_category
            , child_latch
         from stats$v$sqlxs
        where is_obsolete = 'N'
          and (   buffer_gets   > l_buffer_gets_th
               or disk_reads    > l_disk_reads_th
               or parse_calls   > l_parse_calls_th
               or executions    > l_executions_th
               or sharable_mem  > l_sharable_mem_th
               or version_count > l_version_count_th
              );

3)找出stats$v$sqlxs对象(spcusr.sql)

create or replace view STATS$V_$SQLXS as
select max(sql_text)        sql_text
     , sum(sharable_mem)    sharable_mem
     , sum(sorts)           sorts
     , min(module)          module
     , sum(loaded_versions) loaded_versions
     , sum(fetches)         fetches
     , sum(executions)      executions
     , sum(loads)           loads
     , sum(invalidations)   invalidations
     , sum(parse_calls)     parse_calls
     , sum(disk_reads)      disk_reads
     , sum(buffer_gets)     buffer_gets
     , sum(rows_processed)  rows_processed
     , max(command_type)    command_type
     , address              address
     , hash_value           hash_value
     , count(1)             version_count
     , sum(cpu_time)        cpu_time
     , sum(elapsed_time)    elapsed_time
     , max(outline_sid)     outline_sid
     , max(outline_category) outline_category
     , max(is_obsolete)     is_obsolete
     , max(child_latch)     child_latch
  from v$sql
 group by hash_value, address;
create or replace public synonym STATS$V$SQLXS for STATS$V_$SQLXS;

4)通过这里可以看出，要是的STATS$SQL_SUMMARY主键不重复，只要是的STATS$V_$SQLXS查询出来的记录唯一，所以解决方案就是在STATS$V_$SQLXS视图中增加下列条件，确保查询出来的记录唯一，从而不会发生主键冲突

where
( plan_hash_value > 0
or executions > 0
or parse_calls > 0
or disk_reads > 0
or buffer_gets > 0
)

该bug在10g中修复，对于不能及时升级的数据库，建议采用第五种方法解决问题，比较治标治本，对业务基本上无影响

DB2数据库激活

db2当前激活状态

[db2inst1@xifenfei ~]$ db2licm -l
Product name:                     "DB2 Enterprise Server Edition"
License type:                     "Trial"
Expiry date:                      "06/22/2012"
Product identifier:               "db2ese"
Version information:              "9.5"
Product name:                     "DB2 Connect Server"
License type:                     "Trial"
Expiry date:                      "06/22/2012"
Product identifier:               "db2consv"
Version information:              "9.5"

查看license文件

[db2inst1@xifenfei ~]$ db2licm -l db2ese_cV9.5CPU.lic
Product name:                     "DB2 Enterprise Server Edition"
License type:                     "CPU Option"
Expiry date:                      "Permanent"
Product identifier:               "db2ese"
Version information:              "9.5"
Features:
DB2 Database Partitioning:        "Not licensed"
DB2 Performance Optimization ESE: "Not licensed"
DB2 Storage Optimization:         "Not licensed"
DB2 Advanced Access Control:      "Not licensed"
DB2 Geodetic Data Management:     "Not licensed"
DB2 pureXML ESE:                  "Not licensed"
IBM Homogeneous Federation ESE:   "Not licensed"
IBM Homogeneous Replication ESE:  "Not licensed"
Product name:                     "DB2 Connect Server"
License type:                     "Trial"
Expiry date:                      "06/22/2012"
Product identifier:               "db2consv"
Version information:              "9.5"

导入license文件

[db2inst1@xifenfei ~]$ db2licm -a db2ese_cV9.5CPU.lic
LIC1402I  License added successfully.
LIC1426I   This product is now licensed for use as outlined in your License Agreement.
USE OF THE PRODUCT CONSTITUTES ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS OF THE IBM LICENSE AGREEMENT,
LOCATED IN THE FOLLOWING DIRECTORY: "/opt/db2/V9.5/license/en_US.iso88591"

再次查看db2激活状态

[db2inst1@xifenfei ~]$ db2licm -l
Product name:                     "DB2 Enterprise Server Edition"
License type:                     "CPU Option"
Expiry date:                      "Permanent"
Product identifier:               "db2ese"
Version information:              "9.5"
Features:
DB2 Database Partitioning:        "Not licensed"
DB2 Performance Optimization ESE: "Not licensed"
DB2 Storage Optimization:         "Not licensed"
DB2 Advanced Access Control:      "Not licensed"
DB2 Geodetic Data Management:     "Not licensed"
DB2 pureXML ESE:                  "Not licensed"
IBM Homogeneous Federation ESE:   "Not licensed"
IBM Homogeneous Replication ESE:  "Not licensed"
Product name:                     "DB2 Connect Server"
License type:                     "Trial"
Expiry date:                      "06/22/2012"
Product identifier:               "db2consv"
Version information:              "9.5"

各种数据库的激活方式不同(只讨论激活,不涉及授权问题):
1.oracle/mysql不需要激活,可以直接使用
2.sql server 需要序列号激活
3.db2需要license文件激活

linux中不能ping通hostname可能存在问题

不能ping通hostname

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ hostname
xifenfei
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ping xifenfei
ping: unknown host xifenfei
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ nslookup
> xifenfei
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
> exit
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ more /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1    xifenfei1 localhost.localdomain localhost

10G中存在问题

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Apr 3 01:54:22 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
--sqlplus连接非常慢
SQL> startup
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [keltnfy-ldmInit], [46], [1], [], [], [], [], []
--ORA-00600[keltnfy-ldmInit]错误

11G中存在问题

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 3 02:02:29 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected.
SQL> startup
ORA-00119: invalid specification for system parameter LOCAL_LISTENER
ORA-00130: invalid listener address '(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521))'
--因为不能ping通xifenfei，提示LOCAL_LISTENER错误
--修改pfile文件
local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=1521))'
--启动数据库
SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/pfile'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  368263168 bytes
Fixed Size                  1345016 bytes
Variable Size             306186760 bytes
Database Buffers           54525952 bytes
Redo Buffers                6205440 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ps -ef|grep ora_
oracle    5960     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora11g
oracle    5964     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora11g
oracle    5970     1  1 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_ora11g
oracle    5976     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora11g
oracle    5980     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_ora11g
oracle    5984     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora11g
oracle    5988     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora11g
oracle    5992     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_ora11g
oracle    5996     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora11g
oracle    6000     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora11g
oracle    6004     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora11g
oracle    6008     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_ora11g
oracle    6012     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_ora11g
oracle    6016     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_ora11g
oracle    6020     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ora11g
oracle    6028     1  0 02:09 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_ora11g
oracle    6055     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_p000_ora11g
oracle    6059     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_p001_ora11g
oracle    6063     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc0_ora11g
oracle    6069     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc1_ora11g
oracle    6073     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc2_ora11g
oracle    6077     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_arc3_ora11g
oracle    6081     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ora11g
oracle    6089     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_ora11g
oracle    6093     1  0 02:10 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_ora11g
oracle    6141     1  0 02:11 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_ora11g
oracle    6145     1  2 02:11 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ora11g
--数据库启动正常
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Apr 3 02:10:37 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected.
SQL> show parameter local_listener;
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
--sqlplus不能操作，而且sqlplus登录非常慢

监听异常

--监听配置文件
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1522))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1522))
    )
  )
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora11g)
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
     (SID_NAME = ora11g)
    )
  )
--启动监听
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 03-APR-2012 02:19:52
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/oracle/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.10)(PORT=1522)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.10)(PORT=1522)))
--一直处于等待状态
--客户端登录
C:\Users\XIFENFEI>sqlplus sys/xifenfei@192.168.1.10:1522/ora11g
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期二 4月 3 12:48:15 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
--一直hang住
[root@xifenfei admin]# netstat -an|grep 1522
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.10:1522           0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN
tcp      260      0 192.168.1.10:1522           192.168.1.1:51977           ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 192.168.1.10:24317          192.168.1.10:1522           ESTABLISHED
tcp      198      0 192.168.1.10:1522           192.168.1.10:24317          ESTABLISHED
--这里显示已经连接

建议:在修改主机名时要慎重，修改的时候要确保/etc/hosts和/etc/sysconfig/network文件都被正确修改

使用wrap加密pl/sql代码

1.测试脚本

[oracle@bas ~]$ more pkg_wrap_xff.sql
create or replace package pkg_wrap_xff is
  procedure welcome_in(abc in varchar2);
END pkg_wrap_xff;
/
create or replace package body pkg_wrap_xff is
  procedure welcome_in(abc in varchar2) as
  begin
    dbms_output.put_line('welcome ' || abc);
  end;
END pkg_wrap_xff;
/

2.创建并测试包

SQL> @pkg_wrap_xff
Package created.
Package body created.
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> exec pkg_wrap_xff.welcome_in('xifenfei');
welcome xifenfei
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

3.查看包内容

SQL> SELECT TEXT FROM dba_source a WHERE a.name='PKG_WRAP_XFF';
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------
package pkg_wrap_xff is
  procedure welcome_in(abc in varchar2);
END pkg_wrap_xff;
package body pkg_wrap_xff is
  procedure welcome_in(abc in varchar2) as
  begin
    dbms_output.put_line('welcome ' || abc);
  end;
END pkg_wrap_xff;
9 rows selected.

4.使用wrap加密

[oracle@bas ~]$ wrap iname=pkg_wrap_xff.sql oname=pkg_wrap_xff.plb
PL/SQL Wrapper: Release 10.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production on Tue Apr 03 11:16:52 2012
Copyright (c) 1993, 2004, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Processing pkg_wrap_xff.sql to pkg_wrap_xff.plb
[oracle@bas ~]$ ll pkg_wrap_xff*
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 634 Apr  3 11:16 pkg_wrap_xff.plb
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 273 Apr  3 10:58 pkg_wrap_xff.sql
[oracle@bas ~]$ more pkg_wrap_xff.plb
create or replace package pkg_wrap_xff wrapped
a000000
1
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
9
53 85
W36vGRTVGRHdbwYRR6PgEKn/uJgwg1zZf9OpynQ2Z/aHUmNhYcN/NpFphdvMis61lthVP41T
adMRoYz9KTALorx2DjxUFXms0VvEXmDignlfcQjICNxh0Rmhsp2KsCjohpTO
/
create or replace package body pkg_wrap_xff wrapped
a000000
1
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
b
96 ce
QzGnt9RcmxQyUfes+xtqkeZypV0wg1zwqNPWfI6iCq2Ve93Dd2BzFE8hHRRYZ/LM86Rx2o0E
y67F1TM7QgP9WoGRBCUelGt4QvSOmwMecLCe57PVPD5lbxyJLK26scjDS8soGPzcCDysP+WR
C0zeZ9lSlyLXqNex8XpUxi7tILux/gNr1FIOWaBRhYqgTZ754pVDNlG4SXE=
/

4.测试加密包

SQL> drop package PKG_WRAP_XFF;
Package dropped.
SQL> @pkg_wrap_xff.plb
Package created.
Package body created.
SQL> set serveroutput on
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec pkg_wrap_xff.welcome_in('www.xifenfei.com');
welcome www.xifenfei.com
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

查看加密包内容

SQL> set pagesize 1000
SQL> SELECT TEXT FROM dba_source a WHERE a.name='PKG_WRAP_XFF';
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
package pkg_wrap_xff wrapped
a000000
1
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
9
53 85
W36vGRTVGRHdbwYRR6PgEKn/uJgwg1zZf9OpynQ2Z/aHUmNhYcN/NpFphdvMis61lthVP41T
adMRoYz9KTALorx2DjxUFXms0VvEXmDignlfcQjICNxh0Rmhsp2KsCjohpTO
package body pkg_wrap_xff wrapped
a000000
1
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
abcd
b
96 ce
QzGnt9RcmxQyUfes+xtqkeZypV0wg1zwqNPWfI6iCq2Ve93Dd2BzFE8hHRRYZ/LM86Rx2o0E
y67F1TM7QgP9WoGRBCUelGt4QvSOmwMecLCe57PVPD5lbxyJLK26scjDS8soGPzcCDysP+WR
C0zeZ9lSlyLXqNex8XpUxi7tILux/gNr1FIOWaBRhYqgTZ754pVDNlG4SXE=

原则上来说wrap加密是不可逆的过程，所以可以通过使用wrap加密，实现了屏蔽代码的作用，确保了自己的知识产权。其实oracle本身很多的系统包也是通过这种方法进行加密处理，以保护oracle的产权。

网关不通致使vip/lsnr资源异常

crs_stat显示节点1的listener和vip时断时续(一会online,一会offline)

rac1-> crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.devdb.db   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....b1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....b2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora.rac1.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora.rac2.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
rac1-> crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.devdb.db   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....b1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....b2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    OFFLINE
ora.rac1.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac1
ora.rac1.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.gsd   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.ons   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2
ora.rac2.vip   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    rac2

查看crsd.log日志

0Attempting to start `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac2`
0Start of `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac2` failed.
0startRunnable: setting CLI values
0Attempting to start `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac1`
0Start of `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac1` succeeded.
0startRunnable: setting CLI values
0Attempting to start `ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr` on member `rac1`
0Start of `ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr` on member `rac1` succeeded.
u_freem: mem passed is null
0CheckResource error for ora.rac1.vip error code = 1
0In stateChanged, ora.rac1.vip target is ONLINE
0ora.rac1.vip on rac1 went OFFLINE unexpectedly
0StopResource: setting CLI values
0Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac1`
0Stop of `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac1` succeeded.
0ora.rac1.vip RESTART_COUNT=0 RESTART_ATTEMPTS=0
0ora.rac1.vip failed on rac1 relocating.
0StopResource: setting CLI values
0Attempting to stop `ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr` on member `rac1`
0Stop of `ora.rac1.LISTENER_RAC1.lsnr` on member `rac1` succeeded.
0Attempting to start `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac2`
0Start of `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac2` failed.
0Attempting to start `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac2`
0Start of `ora.rac1.vip` on member `rac2` succeeded.
0CRS-1002: Resource 'ora.rac1.vip' is already running on member 'rac2'

这里可以看出由于vip资源失败，致使lsnr资源也出现失败，紧接着又是启动vip，再启动lsnr。所以使得我们通过crs_stat -t观察资源情况时，看到这两个进程一直处于波动状态

分析ora.rac1.vip.log日志

[ora.rac1.vip]: clsrcexecut:env ORACLE_CONFIG_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1
[ora.rac1.vip]: clsrcexecut:cmd=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/racgeut -e
_USR_ORA_DEBUG=0 54 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs_1/bin/racgvip check rac1
[ora.rac1.vip]: clsrcexecut: rc = 1, time = 6.430s
[ora.rac1.vip]: end for resource = ora.rac1.vip, action=check,status=1,time=6.450s
[ora.rac1.vip]: ping to 192.168.1.1 via eth0 failed, rc = 1 (host=rac1)
ping to 192.168.1.1 via eth0 failed, rc = 1 (host=rac1)
[ora.rac1.vip]: clsrcstartorp: Error with malloc
[ora.rac1.vip]: ping to 192.168.1.1 via eth0 failed, rc = 1 (host=rac1)
ping to 192.168.1.1 via eth0 failed, rc = 1 (host=rac1)
Interface eth0 checked failed (host=rac1)
Invalid parameters, or failed to bring up VIP (host=rac1)

通过这里发现:从eth0网卡ping192.168.1.1(网关)不通,导致VIP资源不能正常工作

核实问题原因/解决
我们人工从节点1上ping 网关(192.168.1.1),果真不通.继续检查发现,网关服务器上意外的开启了防火墙,对部分进来的包进行了过滤,恰好节点1在被禁止之列,使得节点1 ping 网关不成功,从而出现该了该错误.关闭防火墙或者重新设置规则后,rac工作正常,未出现vip和lsnr资源出现波动情况.