深入理解LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n与STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST

一、案例引入
朋友的dg配置如下，问我为什么归档日志都放在了use_db_recovery_file_dest

主库
log_archive_dest_1='location=/U01/app/oracle/oradata/bfodb/arch,valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,ALL_ROLES)'
log_archive_dest_2='service=tnsname,ARCH SYNC NOAFFIRM delay=0 OPTIONAL max_failure=0 max_connections=1   reopen=300  register net_timeout=180  valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role)'
standby_archive_dest='location=use_db_recovery_file_dest'
备库
log_archive_dest_1='location=/U01/app/oracle/oradata/bfodb/arch,valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,ALL_ROLES)'
log_archive_dest_2='location=location=use_db_recovery_file_dest,valid_for=(STANDBY_LOGFILE,STANDBY_ROLE)'
standby_archive_dest='location=use_db_recovery_file_dest'

我很惯性的回答，直接传输过来的日志放到LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n下面，fal_*过来的归档放置在standby_archive_dest中，也没有过多的思考为什么，因为我们的库都是这样的规则，我已经认为是一种准则了。这个规则也整合符合了他们的要求(都在use_db_recovery_file_dest)中，没有仔细的去看他们的配置，当朋友说到valid_for的属性的时候，我感觉有点不对头了。
1)他们的log_archive_dest_1配置的是ONLINE_LOGFILE，这个是备库，所以肯定不会放到这里
2)难道是通过log_archive_dest_2使得直接传输过来的日志放置到了use_db_recovery_file_dest中？让朋友查询v$standby_log,发现他们的库没有使用standby redo logfile,也就是说，log_archive_dest_2不可能用来传输日志了，现在剩下来可以传输日志的，只有standby_archive_dest了。
3)问题解决了，都传输到use_db_recovery_file_dest，因为LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n都不能用(只是从排除法证明)

二、问题深入分析
standby_archive_dest和log_archive_dest_*到底有什么关系，在什么情况下传输到对应的目录中？

如果备库利用standby redo log在备库端自动归档，那么归档日志将会被放置到LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n
如果备库是利用主库的arch进程传输过来的归档，那么将会被放置到STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST
补充说明：
1)主库的LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n='service'默认的arch传输方式，primary会远程将archived log传输到standby_archive_dest下
2)fal_*是通过arch传输过来的，所以使用的是STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST目录，如果不存在这个目录，就使用LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n
3)If both parameters are specified, the STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter
  overrides the directory location specified with the LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n parameter.
如果STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n两个参数指定,STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST初始化覆盖LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n目录指定位置参数。
4)If none of the initialization parameters have been specified, then archived redo log files are stored in the default location for the STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter.
如果STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n都没有配置，将会把归档日志放到STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST的默认目录
5)如果STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST未配置，而配置了LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n,那么产生的归档将放置到LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n
6)建议：STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n=‘location’的配置相同
7)在11g，已经不建议使用STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST，也就是说建议配置dg的时候尽量使用standby redo logfile

Oracle常用用户权限视图

DBA_SYS_PRIVS 用户所拥有的系统权限

[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Nov 16 13:26:09 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create user xff identified by xifenfei;
User created.
SQL> grant connect to xff;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> select * from DBA_SYS_PRIVS where grantee='XFF';
no rows selected
SQL> REVOKE CONNECT FROM XFF;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL> grant create session to xff;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>  select * from DBA_SYS_PRIVS where grantee='XFF';
GRANTEE                        PRIVILEGE                                ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
XFF                            CREATE SESSION                           NO
SQL> grant select  on chf.t_1 to xff;
Grant succeeded.
SQL>  select * from DBA_SYS_PRIVS where grantee='XFF';
GRANTEE                        PRIVILEGE                                ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
XFF                            CREATE SESSION                           NO
--说明只能查询系统权限，不能查询角色，不能查询用户权限

DBA_SYS_PRIVS 用户所拥有的角色

SQL> grant resource to xff;
授权成功。
SQL> SELECT * FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE='XFF';
GRANTEE                        GRANTED_ROLE                   ADM DEF
------------------------------ ------------------------------ --- ---
XFF                            RESOURCE                       NO  YES

ROLE_SYS_PRIVS 角色所拥有的系统权限

SQL> SELECT * FROM ROLE_SYS_PRIVS WHERE ROLE='CONNECT';
ROLE                           PRIVILEGE                                ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
CONNECT                        CREATE SESSION                           NO
SQL> SELECT * FROM ROLE_SYS_PRIVS WHERE ROLE='RESOURCE';
no rows selected
SQL> SELECT * FROM SESSION_ROLES;
ROLE
------------------------------
CONNECT
SQL> CONN / AS SYSDBA
Connected.
SQL> SELECT * FROM ROLE_SYS_PRIVS WHERE ROLE='RESOURCE';
ROLE                           PRIVILEGE                                ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
RESOURCE                       CREATE TRIGGER                           NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE SEQUENCE                          NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE TYPE                              NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE PROCEDURE                         NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE CLUSTER                           NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE OPERATOR                          NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE INDEXTYPE                         NO
RESOURCE                       CREATE TABLE                             NO
8 rows selected.
--很多时候只能使用sysdba(或者具体特定权限)才能够查询角色有哪些系统权限

ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS: 角色被赋予的角色

SQL> SELECT *FROM ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE ROLE='DBA';
ROLE                           GRANTED_ROLE                   ADM
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
DBA                            OLAP_DBA                       NO
DBA                            SCHEDULER_ADMIN                YES
DBA                            DELETE_CATALOG_ROLE            YES
DBA                            EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE           YES
DBA                            WM_ADMIN_ROLE                  NO
DBA                            EXP_FULL_DATABASE              NO
DBA                            SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE            YES
DBA                            JAVA_DEPLOY                    NO
DBA                            GATHER_SYSTEM_STATISTICS       NO
DBA                            JAVA_ADMIN                     NO
DBA                            XDBADMIN                       NO
ROLE                           GRANTED_ROLE                   ADM
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---
DBA                            IMP_FULL_DATABASE              NO
DBA                            XDBWEBSERVICES                 NO
13 rows selected.

SESSION_PRIVS 当前用户所拥有的全部权限

SQL> conn xff/xifenfei
Connected.
SQL> select * from session_privs;
PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> revoke create session from xff;
Revoke succeeded.
SQL> grant connect to xff;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn xff/xifenfei
Connected.
SQL> select * from session_privs;
PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
--只能查看系统权限或者角色中包含的系统权限，不能查看用户权限

SESSION_ROLES: 当前用户被激活的角色

SQL> SELECT * from SESSION_ROLES;
no rows selected
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> conn xff/xifenfei
Connected.
SQL> SELECT *FROM SESSION_ROLES;
ROLE
------------------------------
CONNECT
--sysdba查询无role选项，全部是由系统权限构成

查询某用户的所有系统权限

SQL> SELECT PRIVILEGE, ADMIN_OPTION
  2    FROM DBA_SYS_PRIVS
  3   WHERE GRANTEE = &USERNAME
  4  UNION
  5  --角色转换为权限
  6  SELECT PRIVILEGE, ADMIN_OPTION
  7    FROM ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
  8   WHERE ROLE IN
  9         (SELECT GRANTED_ROLE FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE = &USERNAME)
 10  UNION
 11  --角色的角色转为权限
 12  SELECT PRIVILEGE, ADMIN_OPTION
 13    FROM ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
 14   WHERE ROLE IN (SELECT GRANTED_ROLE
 15                    FROM ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
 16                   WHERE ROLE IN (SELECT GRANTED_ROLE
 17                                    FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
 18                                   WHERE GRANTEE = &USERNAME));
输入 username 的值:  'XFF'
原值    3:  WHERE GRANTEE = &USERNAME
新值    3:  WHERE GRANTEE = 'XFF'
输入 username 的值:  'XFF'
原值    9:        (SELECT GRANTED_ROLE FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE = &USERNAME)
新值    9:        (SELECT GRANTED_ROLE FROM DBA_ROLE_PRIVS WHERE GRANTEE = 'XFF')
输入 username 的值:  'XFF'
原值   18:                                  WHERE GRANTEE = &USERNAME))
新值   18:                                  WHERE GRANTEE = 'XFF'))
PRIVILEGE                                ADM
---------------------------------------- ---
CREATE CLUSTER                           NO
CREATE INDEXTYPE                         NO
CREATE OPERATOR                          NO
CREATE PROCEDURE                         NO
CREATE SEQUENCE                          NO
CREATE SESSION                           NO
CREATE TABLE                             NO
CREATE TRIGGER                           NO
CREATE TYPE                              NO
UNLIMITED TABLESPACE                     NO
已选择10行。

表相关权限视图

SELECT *FROM TABLE_PRIVILEGES;
SELECT * FROM dba_TAB_PRIVS;
SELECT * FROM ROLE_TAB_PRIVS;

drop database操作

一、sql操作

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Nov 15 15:00:15 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  417546240 bytes
Fixed Size                  2228944 bytes
Variable Size             285216048 bytes
Database Buffers          121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers                8466432 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> drop database;
drop database
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12719: operation requires database is in RESTRICTED mode
SQL> alter system enable restricted session;
System altered.
SQL> drop database;
Database dropped.
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

二、alert日志内容

Tue Nov 15 15:00:18 2011
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers
from 320 to 135 due to the value of parameter processes (150)
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =27
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options.
ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      node1.srtcloud.com
Release:        2.6.18-238.19.1.el5
Version:        #1 SMP Fri Jul 15 07:31:24 EDT 2011
Machine:        x86_64
Using parameter settings in server-side spfile /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfilet1.ora
System parameters with non-default values:
  processes                = 150
  memory_target            = 400M
  control_files            = "/opt/oracle/oradata/t1/control01.ctl"
  control_files            = "/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/t1/control02.ctl"
  db_block_size            = 8192
  compatible               = "11.2.0.0.0"
  db_recovery_file_dest    = "/opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area"
  db_recovery_file_dest_size= 4122M
  undo_tablespace          = "UNDOTBS1"
  remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
  db_domain                = ""
  dispatchers              = "(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=t1XDB)"
  local_listener           = "LISTENER_T1"
  audit_file_dest          = "/opt/oracle/admin/t1/adump"
  audit_trail              = "DB"
  db_name                  = "t1"
  open_cursors             = 300
  diagnostic_dest          = "/opt/oracle"
Tue Nov 15 15:00:22 2011
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=26704
Tue Nov 15 15:00:22 2011
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=26706
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
VKTM started with pid=4, OS id=26708 at elevated priority
VKTM running at (1)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
GEN0 started with pid=5, OS id=26712
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
DIAG started with pid=6, OS id=26714
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
DBRM started with pid=7, OS id=26716
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=26718
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=26720
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=26722
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=26724
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
CKPT started with pid=12, OS id=26726
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
SMON started with pid=13, OS id=26728
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
RECO started with pid=14, OS id=26730
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=26732
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=26734
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASE from environment = /opt/oracle
Tue Nov 15 15:00:23 2011
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2578048199
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Tue Nov 15 15:00:33 2011
drop database
ORA-12719 signalled during: drop database...
Tue Nov 15 15:00:47 2011
Stopping background process MMNL
Stopping background process MMON
Starting background process MMON
Tue Nov 15 15:00:49 2011
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=26788
Starting background process MMNL
Tue Nov 15 15:00:49 2011
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=26790
ALTER SYSTEM enable restricted session;
Tue Nov 15 15:01:06 2011
drop database
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/system01.dbf
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/sysaux01.dbf
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/undotbs01.dbf
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/users01.dbf
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/redo01.log
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/redo02.log
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/redo03.log
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/temp01.dbf
Deleted file /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_t1.f
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Create Relation ADR_CONTROL
Create Relation ADR_INVALIDATION
Create Relation INC_METER_IMPT_DEF
Create Relation INC_METER_PK_IMPTS
USER (ospid: 26761): terminating the instance
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 26761
Tue Nov 15 15:01:18 2011
Deleted file /opt/oracle/oradata/t1/control01.ctl
Deleted file /opt/oracle/fast_recovery_area/t1/control02.ctl
Completed: drop database
Shutting down instance (abort)
License high water mark = 1
Tue Nov 15 15:01:32 2011
Instance shutdown complete

三、后续工作
1、清除相关日志trace文件$ORACLE_BASE/diag
2、删除fast_recovery_area文件$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area
3、删除归档日志(根据配置)
4、删除/etc/oratab中关于该数据库的记录(t1:/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N)

四、补充说明
1、在能够使用dbca删除数据库的情况下，应该选择dbca，这个删除的更加干净
2、dbca删除数据库也需要清理部分文件(如：归档日志)
3、如果对数据库的存储结构比较了解，可以人工关闭数据库后，手工删除相关文件
4、drop database使用于10g及其以上版本

rman恢复spfile最快捷方式

一、sqlplus nomount数据库并恢复spfile

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: 无法打开参数文件 'E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE\INITXFF.ORA'
RMAN> restore spfile to 'e:\oracle\11_2_0\database\spfilexff.ora'
2> from 'F:\rmanbackup\20111113_0KMRIT19_1_1';
启动 restore 于 14-11月-11
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00601: fatal error in recovery manager
RMAN-03004: 执行命令期间出现严重错误
RMAN-10041: 无法在失败后重新创建轮询通道上下文。
RMAN-10024: 设置 rpc 轮询时出错
RMAN-10005: 打开游标时出错
RMAN-10002: ORACLE 错误 : ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE
RMAN-03002: restore 命令 (在 11/14/2011 22:23:24 上) 失败
ORA-03113: 通信通道的文件结尾
进程 ID: 2884
会话 ID: 97 序列号: 1

1、无spfilexff.ora/initxff.ora/init.ora文件，sqlplus不能启动数据库至nomount状态
2、在数据库没有nomount状态下，不能恢复spfile

二、rman nomount数据库并恢复spfile

RMAN> startup
已连接到目标数据库 (未启动)
启动失败: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: 无法打开参数文件 'E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE\INITXFF.ORA'
在没有参数文件的情况下启动 Oracle 实例以检索 spfile
Oracle 实例已启动
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: startup 命令 (在 11/14/2011 22:00:32 上) 失败
ORA-00205: 标识控制文件时出错, 有关详细信息, 请查看预警日志
RMAN> restore spfile to 'e:\oracle\11_2_0\database\spfilexff.ora'
2> from 'F:\rmanbackup\20111113_0KMRIT19_1_1';
启动 restore 于 14-11月-11
分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 设备类型=DISK
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在从 AUTOBACKUP F:\rmanbackup\20111113_0KMRIT19_1_1 还原 spfile
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 从 AUTOBACKUP 还原 SPFILE 已完成
完成 restore 于 14-11月-11

1、rman会使用一个隐含(默认的参数文件启动数据库至nomount状态)
2、在nomount状态下，rman可以恢复spfile

三、rman启动数据库日志

Mon Nov 14 22:00:26 2011
Starting ORACLE instance (restrict)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2
Using LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 parameter default value as e:\oracle\11_2_0\RDBMS
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =18
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options.
Using parameter settings in client-side pfile C:\S5O4.1 on machine XIFENFEI-PC
System parameters with non-default values:
  sga_target               = 152M
  compatible               = "11.2.0.1.0"
  _dummy_instance          = TRUE
  remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
  db_name                  = "XFF"
Mon Nov 14 22:00:27 2011
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=2932
Mon Nov 14 22:00:28 2011
VKTM started with pid=3, OS id=4364 at elevated priority
VKTM running at (10)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Mon Nov 14 22:00:29 2011
GEN0 started with pid=4, OS id=4524
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
DIAG started with pid=5, OS id=5472
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
DBRM started with pid=6, OS id=5296
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
PSP0 started with pid=7, OS id=6120
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=4528
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=6052
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=5348
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=4904
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
CKPT started with pid=12, OS id=5388
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
SMON started with pid=13, OS id=4492
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
RECO started with pid=14, OS id=576
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=6072
Mon Nov 14 22:00:30 2011
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=5720
ORACLE_BASE from environment = e:\oracle
Mon Nov 14 22:00:31 2011
alter database mount
ORA-00210: cannot open the specified control file
ORA-00202: control file: 'E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE\CTL1XFF.ORA'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: 无法打开文件
O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。
ORA-205 signalled during: alter database mount...
Mon Nov 14 22:00:33 2011
Checker run found 1 new persistent data failures

1、查看系统没有发现 C:\S5O4.1文件
2、restrict方式nomount数据库

使用rman找回被误删除表空间

一、案例说明
利用rman备份数据库后，因为人工误删除表空间，现在需要使用非完全恢复来找回被误删除的表空间

二、环境准备

[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 14 12:35:14 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;
NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
UNDOTBS1
SYSAUX
USERS
XFF
ODU
TEMP
7 rows selected.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf
11 rows selected.
SQL> create tablespace xifenfei datafile
2   '/opt/oracle/oradata/test/t_xifenfei01.dbf' size 10m ;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei tablespace xifenfei
  2  as
  3  select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     50476
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 14 12:43:35 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TEST (DBID=2056006906)
RMAN> list backup summary;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> backup database format '/tmp/test_full_%U';
Starting backup at 2011-11-14 12:44:32
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=134 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00008 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf
input datafile fno=00002 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile fno=00001 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
input datafile fno=00003 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf
input datafile fno=00006 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf
input datafile fno=00007 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf
input datafile fno=00010 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf
input datafile fno=00011 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf
input datafile fno=00012 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/t_xifenfei01.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2011-11-14 12:44:33
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2011-11-14 12:48:59
piece handle=/tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1 tag=TAG20111114T124433 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
including current SPFILE in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2011-11-14 12:49:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2011-11-14 12:49:03
piece handle=/tmp/test_full_02mrkqlr_1_1 tag=TAG20111114T124433 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished backup at 2011-11-14 12:49:03
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 14 12:50:53 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> drop tablespace xifenfei including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 ~] cd /opt/oradata
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 oradata]$ mv test test_bak
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 oradata]$ mkdir test
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 oradata]$ ll
total 16
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 12 21:50 ecp
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 25 14:23 ecp_bak
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 14 12:53 test
drwxr-x--- 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Nov 14 12:51 test_bak

通过alert日志，查找出删除表空间xifenfei的时间:Mon Nov 14 12:49:102011

三、恢复测试

[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 oradata]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 14 12:58:47 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup
Oracle instance started
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 11/14/2011 12:58:56
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/tmp/test_full_02mrkqlr_1_1';
Starting restore at 2011-11-14 12:59:15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output filename=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl
output filename=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/control02.ctl
output filename=/opt/oracle/oradata/test/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 2011-11-14 12:59:19
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 2011-11-14 13:00:16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 11/14/2011 13:00:16
ORA-01507: database not mounted
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 2011-11-14 13:00:32
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2011-11-14 13:00:32
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2011-11-14 13:00:33
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2011-11-14 13:00:33
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2011-11-14 13:00:33
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf
restoring datafile 00009 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf
restoring datafile 00010 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf
restoring datafile 00011 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf
restoring datafile 00012 to /opt/oracle/oradata/test/t_xifenfei01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1
   channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/tmp/test_full_01mrkqdh_1_1 tag=TAG20111114T124433
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:07:08
Finished restore at 2011-11-14 13:07:42
RMAN> run
2> {
3> sql 'alter session set nls_date_format ="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"';
4> set until time='2011-11-14 12:49:10';
5> recover database;
6> }
sql statement: alter session set nls_date_format ="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 2011-11-14 13:18:09
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=248
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 11/14/2011 13:18:10
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 248 lowscn 11517136
--另外打开一个会话查询当前最大的归档日志seq#情况
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 archivelog]$ ll -thr|tail -10
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov  5 19:00 1_238_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov  7 10:00 1_239_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov  8 02:25 1_240_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov  8 22:25 1_241_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov  9 22:26 1_242_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov 10 22:01 1_243_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  46M Nov 11 22:01 1_244_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov 12 00:00 1_245_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov 13 07:26 1_246_757860476.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  45M Nov 14 07:27 1_247_757860476.dbf
--证明最大的seq为247，而恢复需要日志的seq为248，就是说需要应用未归档的redo log
--那么我们采用在sqlplus中恢复
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@ECP-UC-DB1 oradata]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Nov 14 13:21:24 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format ="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
  2  ;
Session altered.
SQL>  recover database until time '2011-11-14 12:49:10' using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 11517136 generated at 11/14/2011 12:44:33 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/oradata/test/archivelog1_248_757860476.dbf
ORA-00280: change 11517136 for thread 1 is in sequence #248
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/opt/oracle/oradata/test_bak/redo01.log
ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 247; sequence 248 required
ORA-00334: archived log: '/opt/oracle/oradata/test_bak/redo01.log'
SQL> recover database until time '2011-11-14 12:49:10' using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 11517136 generated at 11/14/2011 12:44:33 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /opt/oracle/oradata/test/archivelog1_248_757860476.dbf
ORA-00280: change 11517136 for thread 1 is in sequence #248
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/opt/oracle/oradata/test_bak/redo02.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL> select name from v$tablespace;
NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
UNDOTBS1
SYSAUX
USERS
XFF
ODU
TEMP
XIFENFEI
8 rows selected.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user32g.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/user02.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu02.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/odu03.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/xifenfei02.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/test/t_xifenfei01.dbf
12 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_xifenfei;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     50476

使用flashback database找回被误删除表空间

ORA-19693: backup piece %s already included

一、问题现象

RMAN> restore database;
启动 restore 于 13-11月-11
使用通道 ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在开始还原数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定从备份集还原的数据文件
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00001 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SYSTEM01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00002 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SYSAUX01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00003 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\UNDOTBS01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00004 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\USERS01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00005 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\EXAMPLE01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00006 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\O_ORACLE.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00007 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\XIFENFEI01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00008 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P_TEST01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00009 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SYS_MG01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00010 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P101.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00011 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P201.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00012 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P301.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00015 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\OGG01.DBF
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 将数据文件 00016 还原到 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SPOT01.DBF
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: restore 命令 (在 11/13/2011 18:19:31 上) 失败
ORA-19693: 已包括备份片段 F:\RMANBACKUP\9_12_0GMMD2KI_1_1
RMAN> list backup summary;
备份列表
===============
关键字     TY LV S 设备类型 完成时间   段数 副本数 压缩标记
------- -- -- - ----------- ---------- ------- ------- ---------- ---
6       B  F  A DISK        12-9月 -11 1       2       NO         TAG20110912T215425
7       B  F  A DISK        12-9月 -11 1       1       NO         TAG20110912T215425
8       B  F  A DISK        12-9月 -11 1       1       NO         TAG20110912T220120
19693, 00000, "backup piece %s already included"
// *Cause:  This backup piece was already specified for inclusion in the
//          restore conversation. A restore conversation may process only
//          a single instance of a backup piece.
// *Action: Remove the specified duplicate backup piece in restore steps
//          and restart the conversation.

二、解决办法
1、查找出副本数大于1的备份集
2、重命名对应的备份集
3、使用crosscheck backup检测出无效的备份集
4、使用delete noprompt expired backup删除无效备份集
5、使用CATALOG START WITH重新添加刚刚重命名的备份集

三、问题原因
Bug 4483368: SEVERAL RMAN CATALOG START WITH CREATES DUPLICATE CATALOG ENTRIES

After several "RMAN  catalog start with "we have several copies of the same backuppiece
in our catalog which we can see with "list backup;" and also "list backup summary;".
However, when I now try to restore with that controlfile instead of a catalog
I receive  ORA-19693 backup piece "/opt/oracle/admin/mnt/HERMES2/bkp/..."
is already included.

使用flashback database找回被误删除表空间

我个人不怎么推荐使用flashback database功能，因为在生产库中，谁能够承受得起整个库的回退(也许特别极端的情况下可能需要使用到)，今天帮网友恢复了一个案例:删除表空间，然后尝试着flashback database功能把这个删除的表空间找回来，但是他在整个操作过程中思路比较混乱，最后导致数据库不能正常起来。因为网友有这个方面的需求，我做了一个flashback database 找回表空间操作的试验(官方建议:flashback database在不改变数据文件的情况下使用)

1、恢复过程

SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
YES
SQL> create tablespace xff_test datafile 'E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf'
size 10m autoextend on next 1m maxsize 20m;
表空间已创建。
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2011-11-12 21:05:07
SQL> create table chf.t_flashback tablespace xff_test
  2  as
  3  select * from dba_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_flashback;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     73211
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2011-11-12 21:06:35
SQL> host dir E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 38D0-2A35
 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF 的目录
2011/11/12  21:04        10,493,952 XFF_TEST01.DBF
               1 个文件     10,493,952 字节
               0 个目录 14,644,822,016 可用字节
SQL> drop tablespace xff_test including contents and datafiles;
表空间已删除。
SQL> host dir E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 38D0-2A35
 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF 的目录
找不到文件
SQL> shutdown immediate
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area  368263168 bytes
Fixed Size                  1374668 bytes
Variable Size             276825652 bytes
Database Buffers           83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers                6176768 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> flashback database to timestamp
2  to_timestamp('2011-11-12 21:06:35','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
闪回完成。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SYSTEM01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SYSAUX01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\UNDOTBS01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\USERS01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\EXAMPLE01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\O_ORACLE.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\XIFENFEI01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P_TEST01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SYS_MG01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P101.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P201.DBF
NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\P301.DBF
E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE\UNNAMED00013
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\OGG01.DBF
E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\SPOT01.DBF
已选择15行。
SQL> desc chf.t_flashback;
ERROR:
ORA-04043: 对象 chf.t_flashback 不存在
SQL> COL ERROR FOR A20
SQL> SELECT FILE#,ONLINE_STATUS,ERROR FROM V$RECOVER_FILE;
     FILE# ONLINE_ ERROR
---------- ------- --------------------
        13 OFFLINE FILE NOT FOUND
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE WHERE FILE#=13;
NAME
-----------------------------------------------------------------
E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE\UNNAMED00013
SQL> HOST DIR E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE\UNNAMED00013
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 38D0-2A35
 E:\ORACLE\11_2_0\DATABASE 的目录
找不到文件
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE 13
AS 'E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf';
数据库已更改。
SQL> HOST DIR E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 38D0-2A35
 E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF 的目录
2011/11/12  21:25        10,493,952 XFF_TEST01.DBF
               1 个文件     10,493,952 字节
               0 个目录 14,640,848,896 可用字节
SQL> recover datafile 13;
ORA-00279: 更改 10903431152368 (在 11/12/2011 21:04:40 生成) 对于线程 1
是必需的
ORA-00289: 建议: E:\ORACLE\ARCHIVELOG\ARC0000000241_0753489409.0001
ORA-00280: 更改 10903431152368 (用于线程 1) 在序列 #241 中
指定日志: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
已应用的日志。
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database datafile 13 online;
数据库已更改。
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_flashback;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     73211

2、alert中关键信息

Sat Nov 12 21:12:30 2011
flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('2011-11-12 21:06:35','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
Flashback Restore Start
Flashback: created tablespace #18: 'XFF_TEST' in the controlfile.
Flashback: created OFFLINE file 'UNNAMED00013' for tablespace #18 in the controlfile.
Filename was:
'E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\XFF_TEST01.DBF' when dropped.
File will have to be restored from a backup and recovered.
Flashback: deleted datafile #13 in tablespace #18 from control file.
Flashback: dropped tablespace #18: 'XFF_TEST' from the control file.
Flashback Restore Complete
Flashback Media Recovery Start
 started logmerger process
Parallel Media Recovery started with 2 slaves
Sat Nov 12 21:12:38 2011
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 241 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\REDO01
Flashback recovery: Added file #13 to control file as OFFLINE and 'UNNAMED00013'
because it was dropped during the flashback interval
or it was added during flashback media recovery.
File was originally created as:
'E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\XFF_TEST01.DBF'
File will have to be restored from a backup or
recreated using ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE command,
and the file has to be onlined and recovered.
Incomplete Recovery applied until change 10903431152644 time 11/12/2011 21:05:11
Sat Nov 12 21:12:44 2011
Flashback Media Recovery Complete
Completed: flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('2011-11-12 21:06:35','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
--flashback database 操作过程
……
Sat Nov 12 21:25:29 2011
ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE 13 AS 'E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf'
Completed: ALTER DATABASE CREATE DATAFILE 13 AS 'E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\xff_test01.dbf'
Sat Nov 12 21:25:59 2011
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  datafile 13
Media Recovery Start
Serial Media Recovery started
Media Recovery start incarnation depth : 1, target inc# : 3, irscn : 10903431152644
ORA-279 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER  datafile 13  ...
Sat Nov 12 21:28:27 2011
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER    CONTINUE DEFAULT
Media Recovery Log E:\ORACLE\ARCHIVELOG\ARC0000000241_0753489409.0001
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 1 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\XFF\REDO01
Completed: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER    CONTINUE DEFAULT
Sat Nov 12 21:29:04 2011
alter database datafile 13 online
Completed: alter database datafile 13 online
--恢复被删除数据文件过程,flashbackup database会创建表空间，但是数据文件需要人工干预

Oracle JDBC Thin Driver Formats

虽然自己对java不熟悉，但是做为一个dba，经常会遇到java和数据库连接的配置文件，参考朋友网站，记录下来以便以后查找

格式一:  Oracle JDBC Thin using a ServiceName
jdbc:oracle:thin:@//<host>:<port>/<service_name>
Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@//192.168.2.1:1521/xifenfei
格式二: Oracle JDBC Thin using an SID
jdbc:oracle:thin:@<host>:<port>:<SID>
Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:192.168.2.1:1521:xff
--注意这里的格式，@后面有//, 这是与使用SID的主要区别。
格式三：Oracle JDBC Thin using a TNSName
jdbc:oracle:thin:@<TNSName>
Example: jdbc:oracle:thin:@GL
--Support for TNSNames was added in the driver release 10.2.0.1

来源:Java JDBC Thin Driver 连接 Oracle 三种方法说明

Linux/Win中ORACLE_SID错误时表现

Linux系统中

[oracle@report ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
wlwjj
[oracle@report ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=xifenfei
[oracle@report ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 23:36:27 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> exit
Disconnected
[oracle@report ~]$  sqlplus abc/abc
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 23:42:32 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Win系统

E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>ECHO %ORACLE_SID%
xff
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>SET ORACLE_SID=xifenfei
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 23:31:14 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
请输入用户名:
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus chf/xifenfei
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 23:34:01 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12560: TNS: 协议适配器错误
请输入用户名:

SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES参数说明

一、官方文档说明

作用
Use the parameter SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES to enable one or more authentication services.
If authentication has been installed,
it is recommended that this parameter be set to either none or to one of the authentication methods.
默认值
None
一般可选值
NONE for no authentication methods. A valid username and password can be used to access the database.
ALL for all authentication methods
NTS for Windows NT native authentication(An authentication method that enables
a client single login access to a Windows NT server and a database running on the server)

为了加深对这几个参数的理解，通过实验证明，这几个参数在不同的系统中的作用

二、win系统

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Windows\system32>e:
E:\>cd E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN
#sqlnet.ora文件不存在情况
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>dir sqlnet.ora
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 38D0-2A35
 E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN 的目录
找不到文件
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:13:57 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: 权限不足
请输入用户名:
#NTS情况
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>more sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NTS)
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:16:20 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options
#NONE情况
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>more sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(NONE)
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:17:18 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: 权限不足
请输入用户名:
#ALL情况
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>more sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES=(ALL)
E:\oracle\11_2_0\NETWORK\ADMIN>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 11月 11 22:18:02 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12641: 验证服务无法初始化
请输入用户名:

三、linux系统

[oracle@report ~]$ cd /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
#NTS情况
[oracle@report admin]$ more sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS)
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:03:51 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
#NONE情况
[oracle@report admin]$ more sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NONE)
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:04:31 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
#ALL情况
[oracle@report admin]$ more sqlnet.ora
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (ALL)
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:05:07 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
#不存在sqlnet.ora文件情况
[oracle@report admin]$ ll sqlnet.ora
ls: sqlnet.ora: No such file or directory
[oracle@report admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 11 22:05:41 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

四、补充说明
1、在win系统中使用all，提示ORA-12641，不是很清楚原因
2、在nts只有在win系统中有用，linux中无用
3、当不存在sqlnet.ora文件时，linux中可以正常登录，win中不能