一、理论
source

ADD EXTRACT <ext>, TRANLOG, BEGIN <time>, [, THREADS]
ADD EXTTRAIL <local_trail>, EXTRACT <ext>
EDIT PARAMS <ext>
-- Identify the Extract group:
EXTRACT <ext>
-- Specify database login information as needed for the database:
[SOURCEDB <dsn_1>,][USERID <user>[, PASSWORD <pw>]]
-- Specify the local trail that this Extract writes to:
EXTTRAIL <local_trail>
-- Specify tables to be captured:
TABLE <owner>.<table>;
ADD EXTRACT <pump_1>, EXTTRAILSOURCE <local_trail>, BEGIN <time>
ADD RMTTRAIL <remote_trail_1>, EXTRACT <pump_1>
EDIT PARAMS <pump_1>
-- Identify the data pump group:
EXTRACT <pump_1>
-- Specify database login information as needed for the database:
[SOURCEDB <dsn_1>,][USERID <user>[, PASSWORD <pw>]]
-- Specify the name or IP address of the first target system:
RMTHOST <target_1>, MGRPORT <portnumber>
-- Specify the remote trail on the first target system:
RMTTRAIL <remote_trail_1>
-- Allow mapping, filtering, conversion or pass data through as-is:
[PASSTHRU | NOPASSTHRU]
-- Specify tables to be captured:
TABLE <owner>.<table>;

target

edit params ./GLOBALS
CHECKPOINTTABLE <owner>.<tablename>
ADD REPLICAT <rep_1>, EXTTRAIL <remote_trail_1>, BEGIN <time> checkpointtable <owner>.<tablename>
edit params <rep_1>
-- Identify the Replicat group:
REPLICAT <rep_1>
-- State whether or not source and target definitions are identical:
SOURCEDEFS <full_pathname> | ASSUMETARGETDEFS
-- Specify database login information as needed for the database:
[TARGETDB <dsn_3>,] [USERID <user id>[, PASSWORD <pw>]]
-- Specify error handling rules:
REPERROR (<error>, <response>)
-- Specify tables for delivery:
MAP <owner>.<table>, TARGET <owner>.<table>[, DEF <template name>];

二、配置实例
source

add extract extl,tranlog,begin now
ADD EXTTRAIL /u01/ogg/dirdat/rl, EXTRACT EXTL
ADD TRANDATA chf.objce_t
edit params extl
extract extl
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK")
userid ogg,password xifenfei
exttrail /u01/ogg/dirdat/rl
dynamicresolution
gettruncates
table chf.objce_t;
ADD EXTRACT pump1, EXTTRAILSOURCE /u01/ogg/dirdat/rl, BEGIN now
add rmttrail /u01/ogg/dirdat/rl extract pump1
edit params pump1
extract pump1
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK")
userid ogg, password xifenfei
rmthost 192.168.1.111, mgrport 7809
rmttrail /u01/ogg/dirdat/rl
PASSTHRU
gettruncates
table chf.objce_t;

target

edit params ./GLOBALS
CHECKPOINTTABLE ogg.chkpoint
ADD CHECKPOINTTABLE ogg.chkpoint
add replicat repl exttrail /u01/ogg/dirdat/rl,begin now,checkpointtable ogg.chkpoint
edit repl
replicat repl
SETENV (NLS_LANG = "AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK")
userid ogg,password xifenfei
assumetargetdefs
reperror default,discard
discardfile /tmp/repsz.dsc,append,megabytes 100
gettruncates
map chf.objce_t, target chf.objce_t; 

Oracle GoldenGate软件基于数据库日志结构变化，通过解析源端在线日志或归档日志获得数据增量，再将这些变化应用到目标数据库，从而实现源库和目标库的数据同步。下面通过一个简单的示例，详细介绍利用GoldenGate实现Oracle数据库之间的同步。
1. 安装
1.1 下载介质
GoldenGate的安装介质可以从Oracle的官网上下载。
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html
1.2 配置GoldenGate用户
下载完成后将其拷贝到源和目标的相应位置解压完成后，即可以开始进行配置。
# su – oracle
$ mkdir /u01/ggate
$ cd /u01/ggate
$ tar xvf …….tar
注意，如果使用Oracle 11g的数据库，需要创建一个link文件。
$ ln -s /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz11.so –
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/lib/libnnz10.so
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
添加如下的内容：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/u01/ggate
export GGATE=/u01/app/oracle/ggate
1.3 创建目录
使用ggsci工具，创建必要的目录。
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/ggate
$ ./ggsci
Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18
Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs
至此，GoldenGate基本的安装完成。
Note. 此部分需要在源端和目标端完成。
2. 源数据库配置
GoldenGate主要通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析，将获取的数据应用到目标端，实现数据同步。因此，为了让GoldenGate能够正常工作，源数据库需要进行一定配置。
2.1 归档模式、附加日志、强制日志

--查看
select db.LOG_MODE, db.SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN, db.FORCE_LOGGING
  from v$database db
--修改
--1）archivelog
shutdown immediate
startup mount
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
--2)force logging
alter database force logging;
--3)supplemental log data
alter database add supplemental log data;

2.2 关闭数据库的recyblebin
alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;
如果数据库是10g，需要关闭recyclebin并重启；或者手工purge recyclebin。
2.3 配置复制的DDL支持

create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
grant execute on utl_file to ggate;
@$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;
@$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;
@$GGATE/role_setup.sql;
grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
@$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;

2.4 创建源端和目标端的测试用户

--source
create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender;
--destination
create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;

3. 配置manager
在源端和目标端分别执行下面的步骤。
3.1 创建manager
[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr
PORT 7809
ggate (gridcontrol) 3> start manager
Manager started.
4. 配置源端复制队列
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now
EXTRACT added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1
EXTTRAIL added.
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1
extract ext1
userid ggate@source, password oracle
rmthost centos4, mgrport 7809
rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt
ddl include mapped objname sender.*;
table sender.*;
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER STOPPED
EXTRACT STOPPED EXT1 00:00:00 00:10:55
5. 配置目标端同步队列
5.1 在目标端添加checkpoint表
[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL –添加下列内容
GGSCHEMA ggate
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint
GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate password ggate
Successfully logged into database.
GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.
5.2 创建同步队列
GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
REPLICAT added.
GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1
replicat rep1
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
userid ggate,password ggate
discardfile /u01/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
DDL
map sender.*, target receiver.*;
6. 开启同步
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
EXTRACT RUNNING EXT1 00:00:00 00:00:05
GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1
GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all
Program Status Group Lag Time Since Chkpt
MANAGER RUNNING
REPLICAT RUNNING REP1 00:00:00 00:00:00