1、对磁盘进行分区
fdisk -l 查看磁盘情况
fdisk /dev/sdb 进行分区操作
2、配置裸设备(修改/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules文件)
在redhat5中
1)加载裸设备
ACTION==”add”, KERNEL==”/dev/sdb1″,RUN+=”/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N”–多个一次累加
2)设置raw设备的用户和权限信息
ACTION==”add”, KERNEL==”raw[1-4]”, OWNER=”oracle”, GROUP=”dba”, MODE=”660″
3)重启服务
start_udev
4)查看raw设备
ls -lrt /dev/raw或者 raw -aq
在redhat4中
1)编辑/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
/dev/raw/raw31 /dev/sdc5
/dev/raw/raw32 /dev/sdc6
/dev/raw/raw33 /dev/sdc7
/dev/raw/raw34 /dev/sdc8
2)执行绑定操作
/sbin/service rawdevices restart
3)设置权限
vi /etc/rc.local中添加
chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw31
chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw32
chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw33
chown oracle:dba /dev/raw/raw34
chmod 775 /dev/raw/raw31
chmod 775 /dev/raw/raw32
chmod 775 /dev/raw/raw33
chmod 775 /dev/raw/raw34
3、在oracle中使用
1)表空间
create tablespace raw1 datafile ‘/dev/raw/raw31’ size 450m;
2)联机日志
alter database add logfile group 4 (‘/dev/raw/raw32’) size 100m;
3)undo空间
create undo tablespace undo2 datafile ‘/dev/raw/raw33’ size 100m reuse;
4、注意事宜
1)一个裸设备只能放一个oracle文件
2)oracle文件大小要稍微小于裸设备大小
查询oracle被锁对象并解锁
1、查询oracle被锁对象及其语句
SELECT a_s.owner,
a_s.object_name,
a_s.object_type,
VN.SID,
VN.SERIAL#,
VS.SPID "OS_PID",
VN.PROCESS "CLIENT_PID",
VN.USERNAME,
VN.OSUSER,
VN.MACHINE "HOSTNAME" ,
VN.TERMINAL,
VN.PROGRAM,
TO_CHAR(VN.LOGON_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')"LOGIN_TIME",
'alter system kill session '''||vn.sid||','||vn.serial#||''';' "ORACKE_KILL",
'kill -9 '|| VS.SPID "OS_KILL"
FROM ALL_OBJECTS A_S,
V$LOCKED_OBJECT V_T,
V$SESSION VN,
V$PROCESS VS
WHERE A_S.OBJECT_ID=V_T.OBJECT_ID
AND V_T.SESSION_ID =VN.SID
AND VS.ADDR=VN.PADDR
AND VN.USERNAME NOT IN('SYSMAN','SYS');
2、查询该sid的sql语句
select * from v$sql vl,v$session vn where vl.ADDRESS= decode(vn.SQL_ADDRESS,null,vn.PREV_SQL_ADDR,VN.SQL_ADDRESS) and vn.sid=&sid;
3、解锁
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; --note:不能kill自身
4、查询被锁对象增强版
SELECT DDL.OWNER AS 用户,
DDL.NAME AS 对象,
DDL.type AS 类型,
VS.OSUSER AS OS_USER,
VS.MACHINE,
VS.STATUS,
VS.PROGRAM,
VS.LOGON_TIME AS "LOGIN_TIME",
VP.SPID,
'kill -9 ' || VP.SPID AS OS_KILL,
vs.sid,
vs.SERIAL#,
'alter system kill session ''' || vs.sid || ',' || vs.serial# ||
''';' "ORACKE_KILL"
FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKS DDL, V$SESSION VS, V$PROCESS VP
WHERE DDL.SESSION_ID = VS.SID
AND VS.PADDR = VP.ADDR;
oracle常用hint的用法
1. /*+ALL_ROWS*/
表明对语句块选择基于开销的优化方法,并获得最佳吞吐量,使资源消耗最小化.
2. /*+FIRST_ROWS*/
表明对语句块选择基于开销的优化方法,并获得最佳响应时间,使资源消耗最小化.
3. /*+CHOOSE*/
表明如果数据字典中有访问表的统计信息,将基于开销的优化方法,并获得最佳的吞吐量;
表明如果数据字典中没有访问表的统计信息,将基于规则开销的优化方法;
4. /*+RULE*/
表明对语句块选择基于规则的优化方法.
5. /*+FULL(TABLE)*/
表明对表选择全局扫描的方法.
6. /*+ROWID(TABLE)*/
提示明确表明对指定表根据ROWID进行访问.
7. /*+CLUSTER(TABLE)*/
提示明确表明对指定表选择簇扫描的访问方法,它只对簇对象有效.
8. /*+INDEX(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/
表明对表选择索引的扫描方法.
9. /*+INDEX_ASC(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/
表明对表选择索引升序的扫描方法.
10. /*+INDEX_COMBINE*/
为指定表选择位图访问路经,如果INDEX_COMBINE中没有提供作为参数的索引,将选择出位图索引的布尔组合方式.
11. /*+INDEX_JOIN(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/
提示明确命令优化器使用索引作为访问路径.
12. /*+INDEX_DESC(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/
表明对表选择索引降序的扫描方法.
13. /*+INDEX_FFS(TABLE INDEX_NAME)*/
对指定的表执行快速全索引扫描,而不是全表扫描的办法.
14. /*+ADD_EQUAL TABLE INDEX_NAM1,INDEX_NAM2,…*/
提示明确进行执行规划的选择,将几个单列索引的扫描合起来.
15. /*+USE_CONCAT*/
对查询中的WHERE后面的OR条件进行转换为UNION ALL的组合查询.
16. /*+NO_EXPAND*/
对于WHERE后面的OR 或者IN-LIST的查询语句,NO_EXPAND将阻止其基于优化器对其进行扩展.
17. /*+NOWRITE*/
禁止对查询块的查询重写操作.
18. /*+REWRITE*/
可以将视图作为参数.
19. /*+MERGE(TABLE)*/
能够对视图的各个查询进行相应的合并.
20. /*+NO_MERGE(TABLE)*/
对于有可合并的视图不再合并.
21. /*+ORDERED*/
根据表出现在FROM中的顺序,ORDERED使ORACLE依此顺序对其连接.
22. /*+USE_NL(TABLE)*/
将指定表与嵌套的连接的行源进行连接,并把指定表作为内部表.
23. /*+USE_MERGE(TABLE)*/
将指定的表与其他行源通过合并排序连接方式连接起来.
24. /*+USE_HASH(TABLE)*/
将指定的表与其他行源通过哈希连接方式连接起来.
25. /*+DRIVING_SITE(TABLE)*/
强制与ORACLE所选择的位置不同的表进行查询执行.
26. /*+LEADING(TABLE)*/
将指定的表作为连接次序中的首表.
27. /*+CACHE(TABLE)*/
当进行全表扫描时,CACHE提示能够将表的检索块放置在缓冲区缓存中最近最少列表LRU的最近使用端
28. /*+NOCACHE(TABLE)*/
当进行全表扫描时,CACHE提示能够将表的检索块放置在缓冲区缓存中最近最少列表LRU的最近使用端
29. /*+APPEND*/
直接插入到表的最后,可以提高速度.
30. /*+NOAPPEND*/
通过在插入语句生存期内停止并行模式来启动常规插入.
31. /*+ NO_INDEX ( table [index [index]…] ) */
指定不使用哪些索引
32. /*+ parallel(table,num)*/
指定表访问并发度
TKPROF使用
1、设置sql跟踪
--系统级别 alter system set sql_trace=true; alter system set sql_trace=false; --会话级别 alter session set sql_trace=true; alter session set sql_trace=false; --其他会话 exec sys.dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session(16737 , 39196 , true); exec sys.dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session(16737 , 39196 , false);
2、执行相关sql语句
需要跟踪的sql
3、查询trace 文件
select d.value||'/'||lower(rtrim(i.instance,chr(0)))||'_ora_'||p.spid||'.trc' trace_file_name from (select p.spid from v$mystat m, v$session s,v$process p where m.statistic# = 1 and s.sid = m.sid and p.addr = s.paddr ) p, (select t.instance from v$thread t,v$parameter v where v.name = 'thread' and(v.value = 0 or t.thread# = to_number(v.value))) i, (select value from v$parameter where name = 'user_dump_dest') d
4、使用TKPROF命令
tkprof trace_file_name out_file explain=username/password TKPROF DLSUN12_JANE_FG_SVRMGR_007.TRC OUTPUTA.PRF EXPLAIN=SCOTT/TIGER TABLE=SCOTT.TEMP_PLAN_TABLE_A INSERT=STOREA.SQL SYS=NO SORT=(EXECPU,FCHCPU)
5、排序选项说明
prscnt number of times parse was called
prscpu cpu time parsing
prsela elapsed time parsing
prsdsk number of disk reads during parse
prsqry number of buffers for consistent read during parse
prscu number of buffers for current read during parse
prsmis number of misses in library cache during parse
execnt number of execute was called
execpu cpu time spent executing
exeela elapsed time executing
exedsk number of disk reads during execute
exeqry number of buffers for consistent read during execute
execu number of buffers for current read during execute
exerow number of rows processed during execute
exemis number of library cache misses during execute
fchcnt number of times fetch was called
fchcpu cpu time spent fetching
fchela elapsed time fetching
fchdsk number of disk reads during fetch
fchqry number of buffers for consistent read during fetch
fchcu number of buffers for current read during fetch
fchrow number of rows fetched
userid userid of user that parsed the cursor
查找oracle所有表中的特定列中的数据
找出数据库中所有表表中REMARK列中含有WN、wind、wlr中表名和数量
declare
i number:=0;
begin
for c1 in
(select table_name from user_tab_columns where column_name='REMARK')
loop
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select count(*) from '|| c1.table_name
||' where UPPER(REMARK) LIKE ''%WN%'' or UPPER(remark) like ''%WIND%'' or UPPER(remark) like ''%WLR%'''
into i;
if i>0 then
dbms_output.put_line(c1.table_name||'------'||i);
end if;
end loop;
end;
触发器实现指定用户登录oracle
1、创建允许登录用户表
CREATE TABLE "CHF"."LOG$LOGIN_OS"
(
"OS_USER" VARCHAR2(60 BYTE)
)
2、创建触发器实现限制用户登录
create or replace
TRIGGER TR_LOGIN_RECORD_TEST
AFTER logon ON DATABASE
DECLARE
mtSession v$session%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR cSession(iiQuerySid IN NUMBER) IS
SELECT * FROM v$session where USERNAME is not null
and nvl(osuser,'x') <> 'SYSTEM' and type <> 'BACKGROUND' and audsid = iiQuerySid;
USER_NUM NUMBER(5);
V_SQL VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
OPEN cSession(userenv('SESSIONID'));
FETCH cSession INTO mtSession;
IF cSession%FOUND THEN
select count(*) into USER_NUM FROM CHF.LOG$LOGIN_OS WHERE OS_USER=mtSession.Osuser;
IF USER_NUM!=0 THEN
V_SQL:=' alter system kill session '||''''||mtSession.Sid||','||mtSession.Serial#||'''';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE V_SQL;
END IF;
END IF;
CLOSE cSession;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- dbms_output.put_line('登记登录信息错误:'||SQLERRM);
RAISE;
END;
注:使用sysdba帐号创建触发器,因为在oracle中user不能kill掉自己的session,如果是用sysdba那么就可以kill掉其他的任何非自身的session
触发器记录用户登录信息
1、先需要建立一张表,用于存放登陆信息
create table LOG$INFORMATION ( USERNAME VARCHAR2(30), TERMINAL VARCHAR2(50), IPADRESS VARCHAR2(20), OSUSER VARCHAR2(30), MACHINE VARCHAR2(64), PROGRAM VARCHAR2(64), SID NUMBER, SERIAL# NUMBER, AUSID NUMBER, LOGINTIME DATE default sysdate, LOGout_TIME date )
2、创建触发器,记载登录信息
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TR_LOGIN_RECORD
AFTER logon ON DATABASE
DECLARE
mtSession v$session%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR cSession(iiQuerySid IN NUMBER) IS
SELECT * FROM v$session
WHERE nvl(osuser,'x') <> 'SYSTEM' and type <> 'BACKGROUND' and audsid = iiQuerySid;
BEGIN
OPEN cSession(userenv('SESSIONID'));
FETCH cSession INTO mtSession;
IF cSession%FOUND THEN
INSERT INTO log$information(username,logintime,terminal,ipadress,osuser,machine,
program,sid,serial#,ausid)
VALUES(USER,SYSDATE,mtSession.Terminal,
SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS'),mtSession.Osuser,
mtSession.Machine,mtSession.Program,mtSession.Sid,mtSession.Serial#,userenv('SESSIONID'));
END IF;
CLOSE cSession;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
3、用户登出触发器,记录登出时间
create or replace trigger TR_LOGOFF_RECORD
before LOGOFF ON DATABASE
DECLARE
mtSession v$session%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR cSession(iiQuerySid IN NUMBER) IS
SELECT * FROM v$session where
nvl(osuser,'x') <> 'SYSTEM' and type <> 'BACKGROUND' and audsid = iiQuerySid;
BEGIN
OPEN cSession(userenv('SESSIONID'));
FETCH cSession INTO mtSession;
IF cSession%FOUND THEN
UPDATE LOG$INFORMATION SET LOGOUT_TIME=SYSDATE WHERE sid=mtSession.Sid AND serial#=mtSession.Serial#;
END IF;
CLOSE cSession;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE;
END;
使用sqlplus生产批量plsql
要点
chr(10)–表示换行
set heading off–不显示表格头部
set pagesize 0–不分页
set linesize 800–行宽
spool filename–写入到文件中
sql语句
select 'declare'||chr(10)||' i integer:=0;'||chr(10)||'cursor cur is select rowid as rid from '||t1 ||' WHERE DATASOURCE=''WN'' OR MODIFYSOURCE=''WN'';'||chr(10)||'begin for c in cur loop '||chr(10)||'i:=i+1;'||chr(10)|| 'update '||t1||chr(10)||'SET DATASOURCE=F_BYF_UPDATE_WN(datasource),MODIFYSOURCE=F_BYF_UPDATE_WN(MODIFYSOURCE),REMARK=F_BYF_UPDATE_WN(REMARK) WHERE rowid=c.rid;'||chr(10)|| ' if mod(i,200)=0 then'||chr(10)|| ' commit;'||chr(10)||'end if;'||chr(10)||' if mod(i,20000)=0 then'||chr(10)||' dbms_lock.sleep(40);'||chr(10)||' if i>30000 then'||chr(10)|| ' dbms_lock.sleep(40);'||chr(10)||' end if;'||chr(10)||' end if;'||chr(10)|| ' if i>500000 then'||chr(10)||' exit;'||chr(10)||' end if;'||chr(10)||' end loop;'||chr(10)||' commit;'||chr(10)||'end;'||chr(10)||'/'||chr(10)||'--------'||t1||'-------------' from t1;
效果
declare i integer:=0; cursor cur is select rowid as rid from FUND294 WHERE DATASOURCE='WN' OR MODIFYSOURCE='WN'; begin for c in cur loop i:=i+1; update FUND294 SET DATASOURCE=F_BYF_UPDATE_WN(datasource),MODIFYSOURCE=F_BYF_UPDATE_WN(MODIFYSOURCE),REMARK=F_BYF_UPDATE_WN(REMARK) WHERE rowid=c.rid; if mod(i,200)=0 then commit; end if; if mod(i,20000)=0 then dbms_lock.sleep(40); if i>30000 then dbms_lock.sleep(40); end if; end if; if i>500000 then exit; end if; end loop; commit; end; / --------FUND294-------------
pl/sql 常用语法
1、procedure
CREATE [ OR REPLACE] PROCEDURE [schema.]procedure_name
[parameter_lister]
{AS|IS}
declaration_section
BEGIN
executable_section
[EXCEPTION
exception_section]
END [procedure_name]
--举例
create or replace
procedure dos_fx
is
cursor c1 is
select get from dos_gj;
begin
for c2 in c1 loop
insert into dos_gj_1(ip,gettime,get)values(REGEXP_SUBSTR( c2.get, '(\d{1,2}|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])(\.(\d{1,2}|1\d\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])){3} '),
REGEXP_SUBSTR( c2.get, '^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2}) (\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2})'),c2.get);
end loop;
commit;
end;
2、function
CREATE [ OR REPLACE] FINCTION [schema.]function_name
[parameter_list]
RETURN returning_datatype
{AS|IS}
declaration_section
BEGIN
executable_section
[EXCEPTION]
exception_section
END [procedure_name]
--举例
CREATE OR REPLACE function fn_md5(input_string VARCHAR2) return varchar2
IS
raw_input RAW(128) := UTL_RAW.CAST_TO_RAW(input_string);
decrypted_raw RAW(2048);
error_in_input_buffer_length EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
sys.dbms_obfuscation_toolkit.MD5(input => raw_input,checksum => decrypted_raw);
return rawtohex(decrypted_raw);
END;
3、package
--header
CREATE [OR REPLACE] PACKAGE package_name
{AS|IS}
public_variable_declarations |
public_type_declarations |
public_exception_declarations |
public_cursor_declarations |
function_declarations |
procedure_specifications
END [package_name]
--body
CREATE [OR REPLACE] PACKAGE BODY package_name
{AS|IS}
private_variable_declarations |
private_type_declarations |
private_exception_declarations |
private_cursor_declarations |
function_declarations |
procedure_specifications
END [package_name]
--举例
--header
create or replace
package pk_t1
as
procedure get_num(getnum in number,aname varchar2);
end pk_t1;
--body
create or replace
package body pk_t1
as
procedure get_num(getnum in number,aname varchar2)
is
begin
insert into shell_1 values(getnum,aname);
end;
end pk_t1;
4、trigger
CREATE [OR REPLACE] TRIGGER trigger_name
{before|after|instead of} event
ON {table_or_view_name|DATABASE}
[FOR EACH ROW[WHEN condition]]
trigger_body
--举例
create or replace trigger add_shell
before update
on shell_1 for each row
declare
begin
if :OLD.name!=:new.name then
:new.name:='ggggg';
end if;
end;
oracle 开机自动启动
一、使用root用户修改/etc/oratab 文件:
$ vi /etc/oratab
orcl:/u01/oracle:N (ORACLE_SID:ORACLE_HOME:N)
改为:
orcl:/u01/oracle:Y 也就是将最后的N改为Y
二、使用Oracle用户修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart和dbstop文件:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
改为:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
三、创建服务
$su – root
# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
# vi oradb
在oradb中添加文本
#!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 345 99 10 # description: Startup Script for Oracle Databases export ORACLE_BASE=/u01 export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin ORA_OWNR="oracle" # if the executables do not exist -- display error if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ] then echo "Oracle startup: cannot start" exit 1 fi # depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart # of the instance and listener or usage display case "$1" in start) # Oracle listener and instance startup and oem echo -n "Starting Oracle: " # 启动listener and instance su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart" touch /var/lock/Oracle # 启动oem su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole" echo "OK" ;; stop) # Oracle listener and instance shutdown and oem echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " # 关闭oem su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole" # 关闭数据库和listener su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut" rm -f /var/lock/Oracle echo "OK" ;; reload|restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload" exit 1 esac exit 0
修改所属组和用户
#chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradb
修改访问权限
#chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradb
添加服务到自动启动中
#chkconfig –add oradb
查看数据库服务开机启动状态
#chkconfig –list oradb
四、# chkconfig: 345 99 10说明
指出3,4,5级别启动这个服务,99是在相应的/etc/rc.d/rcN.d(N为前面指定的级别,这里是345)目录下生成的链接文件的序号(启动优先级别)S99oradbstart,10为在除前面指出的级别对应的/etc/rc.d/rcN.d(N为除345之外的级别)目录生成的链接文件的序号(服务停止的优先级别)