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asm磁盘头全部损坏数据0丢失恢复

接到朋友反馈说他们公司的10.2.0.4(无磁盘头备份)asm 磁盘头都损坏了，确定是被人恶意dd掉了磁盘头的1k,他通过查询发过来结果如下

分析alert日志,确定磁盘组和磁盘信息
asm mount data磁盘组报错

Sun Apr 16 21:39:31 2017
NOTE: cache dismounting group 2/0x3F94036B (DATA)
NOTE: dbwr not being msg'd to dismount
ERROR: diskgroup DATA was not mounted
Sun Apr 16 21:39:31 2017
ERROR: no PST quorum in group 3: required 2, found 0

data磁盘组和磁盘信息

Mon Mar 20 16:21:59 2017
NOTE: Hbeat: instance not first (grp 3)
NOTE: cache opening disk 2 of grp 2: DATA_0002 path:/dev/raw/raw21
Mon Mar 20 16:21:59 2017
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 2 fcn 0.47624333
NOTE: cache opening disk 3 of grp 2: DATA_0003 path:/dev/raw/raw22
NOTE: cache opening disk 4 of grp 2: DATA_0004 path:/dev/raw/raw23
NOTE: cache opening disk 5 of grp 2: DATA_0005 path:/dev/raw/raw24
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 5 fcn 0.47624333
NOTE: cache opening disk 6 of grp 2: DATA_0006 path:/dev/raw/raw26
NOTE: cache opening disk 7 of grp 2: DATA_0007 path:/dev/raw/raw25
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 7 fcn 0.47624333
NOTE: cache mounting (not first) group 2/0x01B869DC (DATA)
Mon Mar 20 16:21:59 2017
kjbdomatt send to node 1
Mon Mar 20 16:21:59 2017
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 2
Mon Mar 20 16:21:59 2017
NOTE: opening chunk 2 at fcn 0.201560874 ABA
NOTE: seq=614 blk=4144
Mon Mar 20 16:21:59 2017
NOTE: cache mounting group 2/0x01B869DC (DATA) succeeded
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATA was mounted

最后一次正常mount是使用了raw21-raw26的裸设备为data磁盘组，但是这里从DATA_002开始,表明很可能最初了两个asm disk被删除,继续分析alert日志

Mon Oct 15 01:53:16 2012
 CREATE DISKGROUP DATA Normal REDUNDANCY  DISK '/dev/raw/raw6' SIZE 1144409M ,
'/dev/raw/raw7' SIZE 1144409M
Sat Dec 27 22:41:39 2014
 alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw21'
Sat Dec 27 22:41:54 2014
alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw22'
Sat Dec 27 22:42:14 2014
 alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw23'
Sat Dec 27 22:42:31 2014
 alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw24'
Sat Dec 27 22:42:51 2014
 alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw26'
Sat Dec 27 22:43:10 2014
alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw25'
Mon Dec 29 17:55:07 2014
 alter diskgroup data drop disk 'DATA_0000'
Tue Dec 30 03:14:42 2014
 alter diskgroup data drop disk 'DATA_0001'

kfed确认磁盘头损坏情况
通过kfed分析dd出来的磁盘头发现每个磁盘头都一样，第一个block损坏

[oracle@rac1 xifenfei]$ kfed read raw22
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: file=0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
7F21AF427400 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  [................]
  Repeat 255 times
KFED-00322: Invalid content encountered during block traversal: [kfbtTraverseBlock][Invalid OSM block type][][0]
[oracle@rac1 xifenfei]$ kfed read raw22 blkn=2|more
kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            3 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_ALLOCTBL
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       2 ; 0x004: blk=2
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483651 ; 0x008: disk=3
kfbh.check:                  2184525105 ; 0x00c: 0x82353531
kfbh.fcn.base:                 47625389 ; 0x010: 0x02d6b4ad
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdatb10.aunum:                       0 ; 0x000: 0x00000000
kfdatb10.shrink:                    448 ; 0x004: 0x01c0
kfdatb10.ub2pad:                      0 ; 0x006: 0x0000
kfdatb10.auinfo[0].link.next:         8 ; 0x008: 0x0008
kfdatb10.auinfo[0].link.prev:         8 ; 0x00a: 0x0008
kfdatb10.auinfo[0].free:              0 ; 0x00c: 0x0000
kfdatb10.auinfo[0].total:           448 ; 0x00e: 0x01c0
kfdatb10.auinfo[1].link.next:        16 ; 0x010: 0x0010
kfdatb10.auinfo[1].link.prev:        16 ; 0x012: 0x0010
kfdatb10.auinfo[1].free:              0 ; 0x014: 0x0000
kfdatb10.auinfo[1].total:             0 ; 0x016: 0x0000
kfdatb10.auinfo[2].link.next:        24 ; 0x018: 0x0018
kfdatb10.auinfo[2].link.prev:        24 ; 0x01a: 0x0018
kfdatb10.auinfo[2].free:              0 ; 0x01c: 0x0000
kfdatb10.auinfo[2].total:             0 ; 0x01e: 0x0000
kfdatb10.auinfo[3].link.next:        32 ; 0x020: 0x0020
kfdatb10.auinfo[3].link.prev:        32 ; 0x022: 0x0020

恢复思路
确定磁盘是只被干掉了第一个block，但是由于asm 是10.2.0.4的，没有asm disk header的备份，因此也只能自己去人工kfed修复.但是考虑到该case中所有的asm disk header 全部丢失，无任何参考，完全修复比较麻烦，另外这个库也比较小，考虑修复asm disk header 关键部位，然后通过工具直接拷贝出来数据文件，在文件系统中open库的思路.主要需要恢复磁盘头基本信息(diskname，disksize，disknum，ausize，blocksize，file directory等）

通过kfed找出来file directory

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            4 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_FILEDIR
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       2 ; 0x004: blk=2
kfbh.block.obj:                       1 ; 0x008: file=1
kfbh.check:                  2363360058 ; 0x00c: 0x8cde033a
kfbh.fcn.base:                 48245591 ; 0x010: 0x02e02b57
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfffdb.node.incarn:                   1 ; 0x000: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfffdb.node.frlist.number:   4294967295 ; 0x004: 0xffffffff
kfffdb.node.frlist.incarn:            0 ; 0x008: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfffdb.hibytes:                       0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfffdb.lobytes:                 1048576 ; 0x010: 0x00100000
kfffdb.xtntcnt:                       3 ; 0x014: 0x00000003
kfffdb.xtnteof:                       3 ; 0x018: 0x00000003
kfffdb.blkSize:                    4096 ; 0x01c: 0x00001000
kfffdb.flags:                        65 ; 0x020: O=1 S=0 S=0 D=0 C=0 I=0 R=1 A=0
kfffdb.fileType:                     15 ; 0x021: 0x0f
kfffdb.dXrs:                         19 ; 0x022: SCHE=0x1 NUMB=0x3

通过kfed找出来disk directory

kfffde[0].xptr.au:                    4 ; 0x4a0: 0x00000004
kfffde[0].xptr.disk:                  7 ; 0x4a4: 0x0007
kfffde[0].xptr.flags:                 0 ; 0x4a6: L=0 E=0 D=0 S=0
kfffde[0].xptr.chk:                  41 ; 0x4a7: 0x29
kfffde[1].xptr.au:                17405 ; 0x4a8: 0x000043fd
kfffde[1].xptr.disk:                  6 ; 0x4ac: 0x0006
kfffde[1].xptr.flags:                 0 ; 0x4ae: L=0 E=0 D=0 S=0
kfffde[1].xptr.chk:                 146 ; 0x4af: 0x92
kfffde[2].xptr.au:               330031 ; 0x4b0: 0x0005092f
kfffde[2].xptr.disk:                  4 ; 0x4b4: 0x0004
kfffde[2].xptr.flags:                 0 ; 0x4b6: L=0 E=0 D=0 S=0
kfffde[2].xptr.chk:                  13 ; 0x4b7: 0x0d
kfddde[2].entry.incarn:               1 ; 0x3a4: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[2].entry.hash:                 2 ; 0x3a8: 0x00000002
kfddde[2].entry.refer.number:4294967295 ; 0x3ac: 0xffffffff
kfddde[2].entry.refer.incarn:         0 ; 0x3b0: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[2].dsknum:                     2 ; 0x3b4: 0x0002
kfddde[2].state:                      2 ; 0x3b6: KFDSTA_NORMAL
kfddde[2].ddchgfl:                    0 ; 0x3b7: 0x00
kfddde[2].dskname:            DATA_0002 ; 0x3b8: length=9
kfddde[2].fgname:             DATA_0002 ; 0x3d8: length=9
kfddde[2].crestmp.hi:          33010550 ; 0x3f8: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfddde[2].crestmp.lo:        2793310208 ; 0x3fc: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x3a2 SECS=0x27 MINS=0x29
kfddde[2].failstmp.hi:                0 ; 0x400: HOUR=0x0 DAYS=0x0 MNTH=0x0 YEAR=0x0
kfddde[2].failstmp.lo:                0 ; 0x404: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x0 SECS=0x0 MINS=0x0
kfddde[2].timer:                      0 ; 0x408: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].size:                 1258291 ; 0x40c: 0x00133333
kfddde[2].srRloc.super.hiStart:       0 ; 0x410: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].srRloc.super.loStart:       0 ; 0x414: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].srRloc.super.length:        0 ; 0x418: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].srRloc.incarn:              0 ; 0x41c: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].dskrprtm:                   0 ; 0x420: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].start0:                     0 ; 0x424: 0x00000000
kfddde[2].size0:                1258291 ; 0x428: 0x00133333
kfddde[2].used0:                1258229 ; 0x42c: 0x001332f5
kfddde[2].slot:                       0 ; 0x430: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].entry.incarn:               1 ; 0x564: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[3].entry.hash:                 3 ; 0x568: 0x00000003
kfddde[3].entry.refer.number:4294967295 ; 0x56c: 0xffffffff
kfddde[3].entry.refer.incarn:         0 ; 0x570: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[3].dsknum:                     3 ; 0x574: 0x0003
kfddde[3].state:                      2 ; 0x576: KFDSTA_NORMAL
kfddde[3].ddchgfl:                    0 ; 0x577: 0x00
kfddde[3].dskname:            DATA_0003 ; 0x578: length=9
kfddde[3].fgname:             DATA_0003 ; 0x598: length=9
kfddde[3].crestmp.hi:          33010550 ; 0x5b8: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfddde[3].crestmp.lo:        2811397120 ; 0x5bc: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xa1 SECS=0x39 MINS=0x29
kfddde[3].failstmp.hi:                0 ; 0x5c0: HOUR=0x0 DAYS=0x0 MNTH=0x0 YEAR=0x0
kfddde[3].failstmp.lo:                0 ; 0x5c4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x0 SECS=0x0 MINS=0x0
kfddde[3].timer:                      0 ; 0x5c8: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].size:                 1258291 ; 0x5cc: 0x00133333
kfddde[3].srRloc.super.hiStart:       0 ; 0x5d0: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].srRloc.super.loStart:       0 ; 0x5d4: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].srRloc.super.length:        0 ; 0x5d8: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].srRloc.incarn:              0 ; 0x5dc: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].dskrprtm:                   0 ; 0x5e0: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].start0:                     0 ; 0x5e4: 0x00000000
kfddde[3].size0:                1258291 ; 0x5e8: 0x00133333
kfddde[3].used0:                1258128 ; 0x5ec: 0x00133290
kfddde[3].slot:                       0 ; 0x5f0: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].entry.incarn:               1 ; 0x724: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[4].entry.hash:                 4 ; 0x728: 0x00000004
kfddde[4].entry.refer.number:4294967295 ; 0x72c: 0xffffffff
kfddde[4].entry.refer.incarn:         0 ; 0x730: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[4].dsknum:                     4 ; 0x734: 0x0004
kfddde[4].state:                      2 ; 0x736: KFDSTA_NORMAL
kfddde[4].ddchgfl:                    0 ; 0x737: 0x00
kfddde[4].dskname:            DATA_0004 ; 0x738: length=9
kfddde[4].fgname:             DATA_0004 ; 0x758: length=9
kfddde[4].crestmp.hi:          33010550 ; 0x778: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfddde[4].crestmp.lo:        2834565120 ; 0x77c: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x102 SECS=0xf MINS=0x2a
kfddde[4].failstmp.hi:                0 ; 0x780: HOUR=0x0 DAYS=0x0 MNTH=0x0 YEAR=0x0
kfddde[4].failstmp.lo:                0 ; 0x784: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x0 SECS=0x0 MINS=0x0
kfddde[4].timer:                      0 ; 0x788: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].size:                 1258291 ; 0x78c: 0x00133333
kfddde[4].srRloc.super.hiStart:       0 ; 0x790: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].srRloc.super.loStart:       0 ; 0x794: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].srRloc.super.length:        0 ; 0x798: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].srRloc.incarn:              0 ; 0x79c: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].dskrprtm:                   0 ; 0x7a0: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].start0:                     0 ; 0x7a4: 0x00000000
kfddde[4].size0:                1258291 ; 0x7a8: 0x00133333
kfddde[4].used0:                1258291 ; 0x7ac: 0x00133333
kfddde[4].slot:                       0 ; 0x7b0: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].entry.incarn:               1 ; 0x8e4: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[5].entry.hash:                 5 ; 0x8e8: 0x00000005
kfddde[5].entry.refer.number:4294967295 ; 0x8ec: 0xffffffff
kfddde[5].entry.refer.incarn:         0 ; 0x8f0: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[5].dsknum:                     5 ; 0x8f4: 0x0005
kfddde[5].state:                      2 ; 0x8f6: KFDSTA_NORMAL
kfddde[5].ddchgfl:                    0 ; 0x8f7: 0x00
kfddde[5].dskname:            DATA_0005 ; 0x8f8: length=9
kfddde[5].fgname:             DATA_0005 ; 0x918: length=9
kfddde[5].crestmp.hi:          33010550 ; 0x938: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfddde[5].crestmp.lo:        2853560320 ; 0x93c: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x178 SECS=0x21 MINS=0x2a
kfddde[5].failstmp.hi:                0 ; 0x940: HOUR=0x0 DAYS=0x0 MNTH=0x0 YEAR=0x0
kfddde[5].failstmp.lo:                0 ; 0x944: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x0 SECS=0x0 MINS=0x0
kfddde[5].timer:                      0 ; 0x948: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].size:                 1258291 ; 0x94c: 0x00133333
kfddde[5].srRloc.super.hiStart:       0 ; 0x950: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].srRloc.super.loStart:       0 ; 0x954: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].srRloc.super.length:        0 ; 0x958: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].srRloc.incarn:              0 ; 0x95c: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].dskrprtm:                   0 ; 0x960: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].start0:                     0 ; 0x964: 0x00000000
kfddde[5].size0:                1258291 ; 0x968: 0x00133333
kfddde[5].used0:                1258255 ; 0x96c: 0x0013330f
kfddde[5].slot:                       0 ; 0x970: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].entry.incarn:               1 ; 0xaa4: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[6].entry.hash:                 6 ; 0xaa8: 0x00000006
kfddde[6].entry.refer.number:4294967295 ; 0xaac: 0xffffffff
kfddde[6].entry.refer.incarn:         0 ; 0xab0: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[6].dsknum:                     6 ; 0xab4: 0x0006
kfddde[6].state:                      2 ; 0xab6: KFDSTA_NORMAL
kfddde[6].ddchgfl:                    0 ; 0xab7: 0x00
kfddde[6].dskname:            DATA_0006 ; 0xab8: length=9
kfddde[6].fgname:             DATA_0006 ; 0xad8: length=9
kfddde[6].crestmp.hi:          33010550 ; 0xaf8: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfddde[6].crestmp.lo:        2875645952 ; 0xafc: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1b8 SECS=0x36 MINS=0x2a
kfddde[6].failstmp.hi:                0 ; 0xb00: HOUR=0x0 DAYS=0x0 MNTH=0x0 YEAR=0x0
kfddde[6].failstmp.lo:                0 ; 0xb04: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x0 SECS=0x0 MINS=0x0
kfddde[6].timer:                      0 ; 0xb08: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].size:                 1258291 ; 0xb0c: 0x00133333
kfddde[6].srRloc.super.hiStart:       0 ; 0xb10: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].srRloc.super.loStart:       0 ; 0xb14: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].srRloc.super.length:        0 ; 0xb18: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].srRloc.incarn:              0 ; 0xb1c: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].dskrprtm:                   0 ; 0xb20: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].start0:                     0 ; 0xb24: 0x00000000
kfddde[6].size0:                1258291 ; 0xb28: 0x00133333
kfddde[6].used0:                1258247 ; 0xb2c: 0x00133307
kfddde[6].slot:                       0 ; 0xb30: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].entry.incarn:               1 ; 0xc64: A=1 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[7].entry.hash:                 7 ; 0xc68: 0x00000007
kfddde[7].entry.refer.number:4294967295 ; 0xc6c: 0xffffffff
kfddde[7].entry.refer.incarn:         0 ; 0xc70: A=0 NUMM=0x0
kfddde[7].dsknum:                     7 ; 0xc74: 0x0007
kfddde[7].state:                      2 ; 0xc76: KFDSTA_NORMAL
kfddde[7].ddchgfl:                    0 ; 0xc77: 0x00
kfddde[7].dskname:            DATA_0007 ; 0xc78: length=9
kfddde[7].fgname:             DATA_0007 ; 0xc98: length=9
kfddde[7].crestmp.hi:          33010550 ; 0xcb8: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfddde[7].crestmp.lo:        2898849792 ; 0xcbc: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x23c SECS=0xc MINS=0x2b
kfddde[7].failstmp.hi:                0 ; 0xcc0: HOUR=0x0 DAYS=0x0 MNTH=0x0 YEAR=0x0
kfddde[7].failstmp.lo:                0 ; 0xcc4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x0 SECS=0x0 MINS=0x0
kfddde[7].timer:                      0 ; 0xcc8: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].size:                 1258291 ; 0xccc: 0x00133333
kfddde[7].srRloc.super.hiStart:       0 ; 0xcd0: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].srRloc.super.loStart:       0 ; 0xcd4: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].srRloc.super.length:        0 ; 0xcd8: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].srRloc.incarn:              0 ; 0xcdc: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].dskrprtm:                   0 ; 0xce0: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].start0:                     0 ; 0xce4: 0x00000000
kfddde[7].size0:                1258291 ; 0xce8: 0x00133333
kfddde[7].used0:                1258209 ; 0xcec: 0x001332e1
kfddde[7].slot:                       0 ; 0xcf0: 0x00000000

结合上述信息构造类似磁盘头文件

kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check:                  3123334821 ; 0x00c: 0xba2a4ea5
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:     ORCLDISKVOL2 ; 0x000: length=12
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:    827084630 ; 0x008: 0x314c4f56
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:            0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        2 ; 0x024: 0x0002
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:               DATA_0002 ; 0x028: length=9
kfdhdb.grpname:                    DATA ; 0x048: length=4
kfdhdb.fgname:                DATA_0002 ; 0x068: length=9
kfdhdb.capname:                         ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi:             33010550 ; 0x3f8: HOUR=0x16 DAYS=0x1b MNTH=0xc YEAR=0x7de
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo:           2793310208 ; 0x3fc: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x3a2 SECS=0x27 MINS=0x29
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi:             33049840 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10 DAYS=0x7 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7e1
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo:           1588567040 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x3e7 SECS=0x2a MINS=0x17
kfdhdb.secsize:                     512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize:                    4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize:                  1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact:                    113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize:                 1258291 ; 0x40c: 0x00133333
kfdhdb.pmcnt:                        19 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000013
kfdhdb.fstlocn:                       1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn:                       2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn:                      2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002

然后通过kfed merge分别对所有磁盘头进行重构，然后通过dul去识别拷贝文件

+DATA/XFF/spfileXFF.ora.265.869858859
+DATA/XFF/CONTROLFILE/Current.256.796701475
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_1.257.796701475
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_2.258.796701485
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_3.266.796704261
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_4.267.796704277
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_5.1235.824131117
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_6.1115.824200515
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_7.1113.824200587
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_8.1112.824200627
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_9.1066.824201189
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_10.1063.824201207
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_11.1062.824201287
+DATA/XFF/ONLINELOG/group_12.1061.824201301
File 259 datafile size 2147491840, block size 8192
File 260 datafile size 32186048512, block size 8192
File 261 datafile size 6897541120, block size 8192
File 263 datafile size 27409784832, block size 8192
File 264 datafile size 34359730176, block size 8192
File 280 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 281 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 330 datafile size 5242888192, block size 8192
File 334 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 382 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 383 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 384 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 385 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 386 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 387 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 388 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 389 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 390 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 391 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 392 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 394 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 491 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 494 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 578 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 597 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 613 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 638 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 668 datafile size 16988184576, block size 8192
File 688 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 740 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 787 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 798 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 806 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 810 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 845 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 886 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 887 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 889 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 892 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 903 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 932 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 933 datafile size 3145736192, block size 8192
File 951 datafile size 20971528192, block size 8192
File 953 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 955 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 963 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1000 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1001 datafile size 12035563520, block size 8192
File 1031 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1033 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1035 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1037 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1045 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1073 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 1074 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 1075 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 1076 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1077 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1078 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1079 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1080 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 1081 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1082 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1083 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1084 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1085 datafile size 32365355008, block size 8192
File 1086 datafile size 9071239168, block size 8192
File 1116 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1133 datafile size 8589942784, block size 8192
File 1219 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1245 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1249 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1251 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1322 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 1442 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1468 datafile size 1048584192, block size 8192
File 1508 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 1554 datafile size 4294975488, block size 8192
File 1570 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2004 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2005 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2344 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2345 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2348 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2617 datafile size 10737426432, block size 8192
File 2618 datafile size 21474844672, block size 8192
File 2766 datafile size 33554440192, block size 8192
File 2782 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2784 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2893 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2924 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2925 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2926 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2983 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 2984 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 3634 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 3909 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 3917 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 3920 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192
File 3922 datafile size 31457288192, block size 8192

剩下的事情就比较简单了，通过把spfile,controlfile，datafile文件拷贝出来，本地启动数据库，恢复成功

如果您遇到此类情况,无法解决请联系我们，提供专业ORACLE数据库恢复技术支持
Phone:17813235971 Q Q:107644445 E-Mail:dba@xifenfei.com

impdp中的DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING参数测试

在oracle 12c版本中引入了impdp中的TRANSFORM中的DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING值，可以实现在导入的时候使用nologging处理从而减少日志量也增加速度,但是在force logging情况下该参数无效
创建测试表

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus xff/oracle@localhost/pdb
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Apr 7 10:20:45 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> create table t_xifenfei as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
217838 rows created.
SQL> /
435676 rows created.
SQL> /
871352 rows created.
SQL> /
1742704 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select count(*) from t_xifenfei;
  COUNT(*)
----------
   3485408

导出测试表

[oracle@localhost ~]$ expdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp tables=t_xifenfei REUSE_DUMPFILES=yes
Export: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Apr 7 11:55:01 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Starting "XFF"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp tables=t_xifenfei REUSE_DUMPFILES=yes
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
. . exported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI"                          460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Master table "XFF"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for XFF.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /u01/app/oracle/admin/xffdb/dpdump/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/t_xifenfei.dmp
Job "XFF"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri Apr 7 11:55:59 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:58

归档模式下不使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING导入

[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 02:43:23 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOGGING
---------------------------------------
NO
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     14
Next log sequence to archive   16
Current log sequence           16
[oracle@localhost ~]$  impdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Apr 8 02:46:05 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI"                          460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Apr 8 02:47:08 2017 elapsed 0 00:01:02
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 02:47:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     17
Next log sequence to archive   19
Current log sequence           19

这里可以看出来,导入过程使用时间为1分钟多,导入过程日志切换了3次

归档模式下使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING导入

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus xff/oracle@localhost/pdb
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 02:49:23 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Sat Apr 08 2017 02:46:05 -04:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> drop table t_xifenfei purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 02:50:00 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     18
Next log sequence to archive   20
Current log sequence           20
[oracle@localhost ~]$  impdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Apr 8 02:54:49 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI"                          460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Apr 8 02:55:00 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:10
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 02:55:45 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     18
Next log sequence to archive   20
Current log sequence           20

这里可以看出来当使用了DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING为Y之后导入日志没有发生切换,导入时间仅为10s.

非归档模式下不使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING导入

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     19
Current log sequence           21
SQL> drop table xff.t_xifenfei purge;
Table dropped.
[oracle@localhost ~]$  impdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Apr 8 03:22:42 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI"                          460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Apr 8 03:23:17 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:27
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 03:23:49 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     19
Current log sequence           21

这里测试在非归档模式下不设置DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING，日志量增加不明显，导入时间变为为27秒.

非归档模式下使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING导入

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus xff/oracle@localhost/pdb
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 03:24:10 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Sat Apr 08 2017 03:22:43 -04:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> drop table t_xifenfei purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 20
Current log sequence 22
[oracle@localhost ~]$ impdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Apr 8 03:25:51 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI" 460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Apr 8 03:26:01 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:10
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 03:26:37 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 20
Current log sequence 22

这里可以看出来在非归档模式下使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING导入时间为10s,日志量也没有明显增加。

在force logging在非归档情况下使用不DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING参数

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus xff/oracle@localhost/pdb
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 10:07:07 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Last Successful login time: Sat Apr 08 2017 03:29:36 -04:00
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> drop table t_xifenfei purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     22
Current log sequence           24
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOGGING
---------------------------------------
YES
[oracle@localhost ~]$ impdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Apr 8 10:10:39 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI"                          460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Apr 8 10:11:02 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:21
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 10:11:17 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> archive log lsit;
SP2-0718: illegal ARCHIVE LOG option
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     22
Current log sequence           24

这可以可以看出来在非归档情况下force logging无明显增加日志量和导入时间

在force logging在归档情况下使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING参数

SQL> drop table xff.t_xifenfei purge;
Table dropped.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select force_logging from v$database;
FORCE_LOGGING
---------------------------------------
YES
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     23
Next log sequence to archive   25
Current log sequence           25
[oracle@localhost ~]$ impdp xff/oracle@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Apr 8 10:33:28 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  xff/********@localhost/pdb dumpfile=t_xifenfei.dmp TRANSFORM=DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING:y
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "XFF"."T_XIFENFEI"                          460.6 MB 3485408 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "XFF"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Sat Apr 8 10:34:50 2017 elapsed 0 00:01:15
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Apr 8 10:35:09 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     26
Next log sequence to archive   28
Current log sequence           28

这里可以看出来在force logging情况下，设置DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING参数不生效
从上述测试在不管是非归档还是归档情况下使用DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING都会减小导入时间，减少归档量，但是需要注意如果数据库是force logging情况下，DISABLE_ARCHIVE_LOGGING参数会无效。

12c官方不支持裸设备,功能上依旧支持

根据官方描述:Announcement of DeSupport of using RAW devices in Oracle Database Version 12.1 (Doc ID 578455.1),从12.1开始oracle 彻底放弃了数据文件对raw的支持,但是我测试结果证明依旧可以使用（本测试只是证明功能上可以使用,不能说官方支持,稳定性和遭遇bug情况未知）,在条件允许情况下,不建议使用该方式.
block设备测试

[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /dev/sdf
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/sdf
brw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 8, 80 Apr  2 19:28 /dev/sdf
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Apr 2 19:34:22 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    CON_ID
----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
         0
PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
         0
CORE    12.2.0.1.0      Production
         0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
         0
NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
         0
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/system.257.938465955
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.938465989
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.938466005
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/system.271.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/users.260.938466007
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/undotbs1.272.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/system.276.938466401
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/sysaux.277.938466401
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/undotbs1.275.938466399
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/users.279.938466427
11 rows selected.
SQL> create tablespace test datafile '/dev/sdf' size 10M autoextend on;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/system.257.938465955
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.938465989
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.938466005
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/system.271.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/users.260.938466007
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/undotbs1.272.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/system.276.938466401
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/sysaux.277.938466401
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/undotbs1.275.938466399
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/users.279.938466427
/dev/sdf
12 rows selected.
SQL>  select file# from v$datafile where name like '%sdf%';
     FILE#
----------
        13
SQL> select rfile#,file#,name from v$datafile where file#=13;
    RFILE#      FILE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
        13         13 /dev/sdf
SQL> create table t_xifenfei tablespace test as
  2  select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from t_xifenfei;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     72660
SQL> select file_id,extent_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='T_XIFENFEI';
   FILE_ID  EXTENT_ID     BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------
        13          0          8
        13          1          8
        13          2          8
        13          3          8
        13          4          8
        13          5          8
        13          6          8
        13          7          8
        13          8          8
        13          9          8
        13         10          8
        13         11          8
        13         12          8
        13         13          8
        13         14          8
        13         15          8
        13         16        128
        13         17        128
        13         18        128
        13         19        128
        13         20        128
        13         21        128
        13         22        128
        13         23        128
        13         24        128
        13         25        128
        13         26        128
27 rows selected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2432696320 bytes
Fixed Size                  8795664 bytes
Variable Size             654313968 bytes
Database Buffers         1761607680 bytes
Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select count(*) from t_xifenfei;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     72660
SQL>
SQL> set pages 100
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/system.257.938465955
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.258.938465989
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.259.938466005
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/system.271.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/DATAFILE/users.260.938466007
+DATA/XFFDB/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DATAFILE/undotbs1.272.938466083
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/system.276.938466401
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/sysaux.277.938466401
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/undotbs1.275.938466399
+DATA/XFFDB/4A93528C587D82CEE055000000000001/DATAFILE/users.279.938466427
/dev/sdf
12 rows selected.

lvm设备测试

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdf
  Physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgxff /dev/sdf
  Volume group "vgxff" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 512M -n data01 vgxff
  Logical volume "data01" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 512M -n data02 vgxff
  Logical volume "data02" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 512M -n data03 vgxff
  Logical volume "data03" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay vgxff
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vgxff/data01
  LV Name                data01
  VG Name                vgxff
  LV UUID                c9PowB-11OX-sjcF-fZLe-5vha-xV4x-ITRflH
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-04-02 19:46:17 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                512.00 MiB
  Current LE             128
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           251:2
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vgxff/data02
  LV Name                data02
  VG Name                vgxff
  LV UUID                vvMbWB-tale-twTH-hg4k-Kcwh-3I8e-neOnEk
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-04-02 19:46:21 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                512.00 MiB
  Current LE             128
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           251:3
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vgxff/data03
  LV Name                data03
  VG Name                vgxff
  LV UUID                DDz3M1-cVX0-NAJb-3rlK-DkYt-eSQG-xna8ew
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-04-02 19:46:25 -0400
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                512.00 MiB
  Current LE             128
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           251:4
[root@localhost ~]# cd /dev/vgxff/
[root@localhost vgxff]# ls -ltr
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr  2 19:46 data01 -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr  2 19:46 data02 -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr  2 19:46 data03 -> ../dm-4
[root@localhost vgxff]# cd /dev/mapper/
[root@localhost mapper]# ls -ltr
total 0
crw------- 1 root root 10, 236 Apr  2 19:28 control
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr  2 19:28 ol-swap -> ../dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr  2 19:28 ol-root -> ../dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr  2 19:46 vgxff-data01 -> ../dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr  2 19:46 vgxff-data02 -> ../dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       7 Apr  2 19:46 vgxff-data03 -> ../dm-4
[root@localhost mapper]# ls -l /dev/dm*
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 251, 0 Apr  2 19:28 /dev/dm-0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 251, 1 Apr  2 19:28 /dev/dm-1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 251, 2 Apr  2 19:46 /dev/dm-2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 251, 3 Apr  2 19:46 /dev/dm-3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 251, 4 Apr  2 19:46 /dev/dm-4
[root@localhost mapper]# chown oracle:oinstall /dev/dm-[2-4]
[root@localhost mapper]# ls -l /dev/dm*
brw-rw---- 1 root   disk     251, 0 Apr  2 19:28 /dev/dm-0
brw-rw---- 1 root   disk     251, 1 Apr  2 19:28 /dev/dm-1
brw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 251, 2 Apr  2 19:46 /dev/dm-2
brw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 251, 3 Apr  2 19:46 /dev/dm-3
brw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 251, 4 Apr  2 19:46 /dev/dm-4
[root@localhost mapper]#
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Apr 2 19:50:47 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> create tablespace lvtbs datafile '/dev/mapper/vgxff-data01' size 450M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter tablespace lvtbs add datafile '/dev/mapper/vgxff-data02' size 450M;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> alter tablespace lvtbs add datafile '/dev/mapper/vgxff-data03' size 450M;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select rfile#,file#,name from v$datafile where name like '%mapper%';
    RFILE#      FILE# NAME
---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
        14         14 /dev/mapper/vgxff-data01
        15         15 /dev/mapper/vgxff-data02
        16         16 /dev/mapper/vgxff-data03
SQL> create table lv12c tablespace lvtbs as
  2  select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from lv12c;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     72660
SQL> select file_id,extent_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='LV12C';
   FILE_ID  EXTENT_ID     BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------
        14          0          8
        14          1          8
        14          2          8
        14          3          8
        14          4          8
        14          5          8
        14          6          8
        14          7          8
        14          8          8
        14          9          8
        14         10          8
        14         11          8
        14         12          8
        14         13          8
        14         14          8
        14         15          8
        14         18        128
        14         21        128
        14         24        128
        15         17        128
        15         20        128
        15         23        128
        15         26        128
        16         16        128
        16         19        128
        16         22        128
        16         25        128
27 rows selected.
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2432696320 bytes
Fixed Size                  8795664 bytes
Variable Size             654313968 bytes
Database Buffers         1761607680 bytes
Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>  select count(*) from lv12c;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     72660

raw设备测试

[root@localhost ~]# raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdf
/dev/raw/raw1:  bound to major 8, minor 80
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/raw/raw1
crw-rw---- 1 root disk 162, 1 Apr  4 04:00 /dev/raw/raw1
[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /dev/raw/raw1
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /dev/raw/raw1
crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 1 Apr  4 04:00 /dev/raw/raw1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Apr 4 04:01:42 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> create tablespace rawtbs datafile '/dev/raw/raw1' size 128M autoextend on;
Tablespace created.
SQL>  select rfile#,file#,name from v$datafile where name like '%raw%';
    RFILE#      FILE#
---------- ----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        17         17
/dev/raw/raw1
SQL>  create table t_xifenfei_raw tablespace rawtbs
  2  as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select count(*) from t_xifenfei_raw ;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     72660
SQL> select file_id,extent_id,blocks from dba_extents where segment_name='T_XIFENFEI_RAW';
   FILE_ID  EXTENT_ID     BLOCKS
---------- ---------- ----------
        17          0          8
        17          1          8
        17          2          8
        17          3          8
        17          4          8
        17          5          8
        17          6          8
        17          7          8
        17          8          8
        17          9          8
        17         10          8
        17         11          8
        17         12          8
        17         13          8
        17         14          8
        17         15          8
        17         16        128
        17         17        128
        17         18        128
        17         19        128
        17         20        128
        17         21        128
        17         22        128
        17         23        128
        17         24        128
        17         25        128
        17         26        128
27 rows selected.

从这里这里测试结果看,对于linux的block/raw/lvm设备依旧均可以在功能上做数据文件使用(稳定性和是否有其他bug未知).但没有出现mos中描述的直接报错,在条件允许的情况下,尽可能不要使用直接使用裸设备方式.
在12.2的administrator文档中出现明显描述：

Direct use of raw or block devices is not supported. You can only use raw or block devices under Oracle ASM.

crfclust.bdb文件过大处理

grid所在目录空间满

[root@wldb01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdw2              40G   22G   17G  58% /
tmpfs                  16G  219M   16G   2% /dev/shm
/dev/sdw1              50G   46G  1.5G  97% /u01

使用find命令找出来大文件

[root@wldb01 grid]# find ./ type f -size +1024M
./crf/db/wldb01/crfclust.bdb

由于文件crfclust.bdb是Cluster Health Monitor (CHM) file,他的默认大小是1G,但是有在一些平台和版本中由于bug原因导致过大.
Oracle Cluster Health Monitor (CHM) using large amount of space (more than default) (Doc ID 1343105.1)
Bug 20186278 – crfclust.bdb Becomes Huge Size Due to Sudden Retention Change (Doc ID 20186278.8)

[grid@wldb01 ~]$ /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/oclumon manage -get reppath
CHM Repository Path = /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crf/db/wldb01
 Done

[root@wldb01 ~]# cd  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crf/db/wldb01
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# du -sh
24G     .
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# ls -lhtr
total 24G
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  16M Mar 25 21:38 log.0000047847
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 8.0K Mar 25 21:38 repdhosts.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  24K Mar 25 21:39 __db.001
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 115M Mar 25 21:39 wldb01.ldb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 8.0K Mar 25 21:40 crfconn.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 329M Mar 25 21:52 crfts.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 508M Mar 25 21:53 crfloclts.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  22G Mar 25 21:53 crfclust.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 392K Mar 25 21:53 __db.002
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  16M Mar 25 21:53 log.0000047848
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 504M Mar 25 21:53 crfhosts.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 650M Mar 25 21:53 crfcpu.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 534M Mar 25 21:53 crfalert.bdb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  56K Mar 25 21:53 __db.006
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 1.2M Mar 25 21:53 __db.005
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2.1M Mar 25 21:53 __db.004
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2.6M Mar 25 21:53 __db.003

清理bdb文件

[root@wldb01 wldb01]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop res ora.crf -init
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'wldb01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'wldb01' succeeded
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01                   Started
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.crf
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.crsd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.cssd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.cssdmonitor
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.ctssd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01                   ACTIVE:0
ora.diskmon
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.drivers.acfs
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.evmd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.gipcd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.gpnpd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.mdnsd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# rm -rf *.bdb
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdw2              40G   22G   17G  58% /
tmpfs                  16G  219M   16G   2% /dev/shm
/dev/sdw1              50G   22G   26G  46% /u01
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# du -sh
53M     .
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl start res ora.crf -init
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crf' on 'wldb01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crf' on 'wldb01' succeeded
[root@wldb01 wldb01]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl status res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01                   Started
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.crf
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.crsd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.cssd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.cssdmonitor
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.ctssd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01                   ACTIVE:0
ora.diskmon
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.drivers.acfs
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.evmd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.gipcd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.gpnpd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01
ora.mdnsd
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       wldb01

asm 加磁盘导致磁盘组损坏恢复

接到客户恢复case请求，希望我们接入恢复数据。大概过程是这样的，16年9月份由于硬件问题，导致normal磁盘组(只有2个磁盘)中的一个磁盘丢失，然后在17年3月6日，运维方尝试增加该磁盘进入磁盘组，结果通过force命令加入成功之后，磁盘组dismount，然后再也无法mount成功。
磁盘组创建信息

Fri Jun 24 19:31:38 2016
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 2
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATADG was mounted
SUCCESS: CREATE DISKGROUP DATADG NORMAL REDUNDANCY  DISK '/dev/asm-diskdata01' SIZE 1048576M ,
'/dev/asm-diskdata02' SIZE 1048576M  ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm'='11.2.0.0.0','au_size'='4M' /* ASMCA */

这里可以看出来datadg是一个normal的au为4M的一个磁盘组

自动drop异常asm disk

Mon Sep 12 11:41:54 2016
WARNING: Waited 15 secs for write IO to PST disk 1 in group 1.
WARNING: Waited 15 secs for write IO to PST disk 1 in group 1.
Mon Sep 12 11:41:55 2016
NOTE: process _b000_+asm1 (19491) initiating offline of disk 1.3915923833 (DATADG_0001) with mask 0x7e in group 1
NOTE: checking PST: grp = 1
GMON checking disk modes for group 1 at 9 for pid 29, osid 19491
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: checking PST for grp 1 done.
NOTE: sending set offline flag message 2870990318 to 1 disk(s) in group 1
WARNING: Disk DATADG_0001 in mode 0x7f is now being offlined
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1, dsk = 1/0xe9684179, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 1 at 10 for pid 29, osid 19491
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: PST update grp = 1 completed successfully
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1, dsk = 1/0xe9684179, mask = 0x7e, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 1 at 11 for pid 29, osid 19491
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: DATADG_0001
NOTE: PST update grp = 1 completed successfully
Mon Sep 12 11:42:55 2016
WARNING: Waited 15 secs for write IO to PST disk 0 in group 1.
Mon Sep 12 11:44:58 2016
WARNING: PST-initiated drop of 1 disk(s) in group 1(.1137226115))
SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG drop disk DATADG_0001 force /* ASM SERVER */
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
Mon Sep 12 11:44:59 2016
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 1 at 12 for pid 29, osid 19491
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) DATADG_0001
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group 1 PST updated.
Mon Sep 12 11:44:59 2016
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG)
Mon Sep 12 11:45:02 2016
NOTE: successfully read ACD block gn=1 blk=0 via retry read
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_lgwr_3526.trc:
ORA-15062: ASM disk is globally closed
GMON querying group 1 at 13 for pid 18, osid 3532
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG)
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup DATADG drop disk DATADG_0001 force /* ASM SERVER */
NOTE: starting rebalance of group 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG) at power 1
SUCCESS: PST-initiated drop disk in group 1(1137226115))
Starting background process ARB0
Mon Sep 12 11:45:03 2016
ARB0 started with pid=35, OS id=19945
NOTE: assigning ARB0 to group 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG) with 1 parallel I/O
cellip.ora not found.
NOTE: Rebalance has restored redundancy for any existing control file or redo log in disk group DATADG
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DATADG
NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup DATADG. No voting file found.
Mon Sep 12 11:46:21 2016
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
Mon Sep 12 11:46:24 2016
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 1 at 14 for pid 36, osid 20110
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
NOTE: group 1 PST updated.
WARNING: offline disk number 1 has references (54679 AUs)
Mon Sep 12 11:46:24 2016
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG)
GMON querying group 1 at 15 for pid 18, osid 3532
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG)
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DATADG
NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup DATADG. No voting file found.
NOTE: stopping process ARB0
SUCCESS: rebalance completed for group 1/0x43c8b183 (DATADG)

这里我们可以看出来磁盘组在2016年9月12日由于disk 1 无法响应，直接被asm 踢出了磁盘组

把被强制删除的磁盘重新加回去

Mon Mar 06 15:36:54 2017
SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG add disk '/dev/asm-diskdata01' name DATADG_0000
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15029: disk '/dev/asm-diskdata01' is already mounted by this instance
ERROR: alter diskgroup DATADG add disk '/dev/asm-diskdata01' name DATADG_0000
Mon Mar 06 15:38:27 2017
SQL>  alter diskgroup DATADG add disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATADG_0001
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
NOTE: Disk DATADG_0001 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
ERROR: ORA-15033 signalled during reconfiguration of diskgroup DATADG
Mon Mar 06 15:38:28 2017
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
Mon Mar 06 15:38:31 2017
GMON querying group 1 at 7 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
GMON querying group 1 at 8 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15033: disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' belongs to diskgroup "DATADG"
ERROR:  alter diskgroup DATADG add disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATADG_0001
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DATADG
NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup DATADG. No voting file found.
Mon Mar 06 16:04:14 2017
SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG add disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATADG_0001
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
NOTE: Disk DATADG_0001 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
ERROR: ORA-15033 signalled during reconfiguration of diskgroup DATADG
Mon Mar 06 16:04:15 2017
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
Mon Mar 06 16:04:18 2017
GMON querying group 1 at 9 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
GMON querying group 1 at 10 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15033: disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' belongs to diskgroup "DATADG"
ERROR: alter diskgroup DATADG add disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATADG_0001
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DATADG
NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup DATADG. No voting file found.
Mon Mar 06 16:23:28 2017
SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG add FAILGROUP DATA_0001 disk '/dev/adm-diskdata02' name DATA_0001
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15031: disk specification '/dev/adm-diskdata02' matches no disks
ERROR: alter diskgroup DATADG add FAILGROUP DATA_0001 disk '/dev/adm-diskdata02' name DATA_0001
Mon Mar 06 16:24:48 2017
SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG add FAILGROUP DATA_0001 disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATA_0001
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
NOTE: Disk DATA_0001 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
ERROR: ORA-15033 signalled during reconfiguration of diskgroup DATADG
Mon Mar 06 16:24:49 2017
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
Mon Mar 06 16:24:52 2017
GMON querying group 1 at 11 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
GMON querying group 1 at 12 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15033: disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' belongs to diskgroup "DATADG"
ERROR: alter diskgroup DATADG add FAILGROUP DATA_0001 disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATA_0001
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DATADG
NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup DATADG. No voting file found.
Mon Mar 06 16:26:07 2017
SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG add FAILGROUP DATA_0001 disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATA_0001 force
NOTE: GroupBlock outside rolling migration privileged region
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
NOTE: requesting all-instance membership refresh for group=1
NOTE: initializing header on grp 1 disk DATA_0001
NOTE: requesting all-instance disk validation for group=1
Mon Mar 06 16:26:10 2017
NOTE: skipping rediscovery for group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG) on local instance.
NOTE: requesting all-instance disk validation for group=1
NOTE: skipping rediscovery for group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG) on local instance.
Mon Mar 06 16:26:15 2017
GMON updating for reconfiguration, group 1 at 13 for pid 28, osid 12861
NOTE: group 1 PST updated.
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1
GMON updating group 1 at 14 for pid 28, osid 12861
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0000 (PST copy 0)
NOTE: group DATADG: updated PST location: disk 0002 (PST copy 1)
NOTE: PST update grp = 1 completed successfully
NOTE: membership refresh pending for group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
GMON querying group 1 at 15 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
NOTE: cache opening disk 2 of grp 1: DATA_0001 path:/dev/asm-diskdata02
NOTE: Attempting voting file refresh on diskgroup DATADG
NOTE: Refresh completed on diskgroup DATADG. No voting file found.
GMON querying group 1 at 16 for pid 18, osid 3468
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
SUCCESS: refreshed membership for 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
Mon Mar 06 16:26:19 2017
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup DATADG add FAILGROUP DATA_0001 disk '/dev/asm-diskdata02' name DATA_0001 force
NOTE: starting rebalance of group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG) at power 1
Mon Mar 06 16:26:20 2017
Starting background process ARB0
Mon Mar 06 16:26:20 2017
ARB0 started with pid=32, OS id=25833
NOTE: assigning ARB0 to group 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG) with 1 parallel I/O
cellip.ora not found.
WARNING:cache read  a corrupt block: group=1(DATADG) dsk=0 blk=0 disk=0
        (DATADG_0000)incarn=3915956130 au=0 blk=0 count=1
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_25833.trc:
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
NOTE:a corrupted block from group DATADG was dumped to /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_25833.trc
WARNING:cache read (retry)a corrupt block:group=1(DATADG)
         dsk=0 blk=0 disk=0(DATADG_0000)incarn=3915956130 au=0 blk=0 count=1
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_25833.trc:
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
ERROR: cache failed to read group=1(DATADG) dsk=0 blk=0 from disk(s): 0(DATADG_0000)
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
NOTE: cache initiating offline of disk 0 group DATADG
NOTE:process _arb0_+asm1 (25833) initiating offline of disk 0.3915956130(DATADG_0000)with mask 0x7e in group 1
NOTE: checking PST: grp = 1
GMON checking disk modes for group 1 at 17 for pid 32, osid 25833
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 1)
NOTE: checking PST for grp 1 done.
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1, dsk = 0/0xe968bfa2, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 1 at 18 for pid 32, osid 25833
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
ERROR: Disk 0 cannot be offlined, since all the disks [0, 1] with mirrored data would be offline.
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 1)
Mon Mar 06 16:26:23 2017
NOTE: cache dismounting (not clean) group 1/0x31584F6B (DATADG)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 25889, image: oracle@DBN01 (B000)
Mon Mar 06 16:26:23 2017
NOTE: halting all I/Os to diskgroup 1 (DATADG)
Mon Mar 06 16:26:23 2017
NOTE: LGWR doing non-clean dismount of group 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR sync ABA=19.2851 last written ABA 19.2851
WARNING: Offline for disk DATADG_0000 in mode 0x7f failed.
Mon Mar 06 16:26:23 2017
kjbdomdet send to inst 2
detach from dom 1, sending detach message to inst 2
Mon Mar 06 16:26:23 2017
List of instances:
 1 2
Dirty detach reconfiguration started (new ddet inc 1, cluster inc 8)
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_25833.trc  (incident=65537):
ORA-15335: ASM metadata corruption detected in disk group 'DATADG'
ORA-15130: diskgroup "DATADG" is being dismounted
ORA-15066: offlining disk "DATADG_0000" in group "DATADG" may result in a data loss
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [endian_kfbh] [2147483648] [0] [0 != 1]
Incident details in:/u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/incident/incdir_65537/+ASM1_arb0_25833_i65537.trc
 Global Resource Directory partially frozen for dirty detach
* dirty detach - domain 1 invalid = TRUE
 3189 GCS resources traversed, 0 cancelled
Dirty Detach Reconfiguration complete
ERROR: ORA-15130 in COD recovery for diskgroup 1/0x31584f6b (DATADG)
ERROR: ORA-15130 thrown in RBAL for group number 1
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_rbal_3468.trc:
ORA-15130: diskgroup "DATADG" is being dismounted
Mon Mar 06 16:26:23 2017
WARNING: dirty detached from domain 1
NOTE: cache dismounted group 1/0x31584F6B (DATADG)
---后续mount报错
SQL> ALTER DISKGROUP DATADG MOUNT  /* asm agent *//* {1:18003:2} */
NOTE: cache registered group DATADG number=1 incarn=0xb368408f
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group DATADG number=1 incarn=0xb368408f
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
WARNING:GMON has insufficient disks to maintain consensus.
Minimum required is 2:updating 1 PST copies from a total of 2.
ERROR: GMON failed to obtain a quorum ofsupporting disks in group 1
NOTE: cache dismounting (clean) group 1/0xB368408F (DATADG)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 27651, image: oracle@DBN01 (TNS V1-V3)
NOTE: dbwr not being msg'd to dismount
NOTE: lgwr not being msg'd to dismount
NOTE: cache dismounted group 1/0xB368408F (DATADG)
NOTE: cache ending mount (fail) of group DATADG number=1 incarn=0xb368408f
NOTE: cache deleting context for group DATADG 1/0xb368408f
GMON dismounting group 1 at 12 for pid 30, osid 27651
NOTE: Disk DATA_0001 in mode 0x9 marked for de-assignment
ERROR: diskgroup DATADG was not mounted
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15017: diskgroup "DATADG" cannot be mounted
ORA-15315: Write errors in disk group DATADG could lead to inconsistent ASM metadata.
ERROR: ALTER DISKGROUP DATADG MOUNT  /* asm agent *//* {1:18003:2} */

从这里我们可以看出来，前几次加asm disk 由于各种原因都失败了，最后一次通过加force关键字，使得被自动drop的disk重新强制加到datadg里面.可悲的是在加入成功之后,开始做rebalance的时候，发现disk 0出现坏块,从而引起ORA-15196的错误，使得rebalance无法进行下去,进而整个asm 磁盘组datadg自动dismount.后面再次尝试mount datadg的时候，直接提示元数据库不一致，因为disk 0 的磁盘头已经异常.

通过kfed分析disk 0信息
这里是通过dd命令备份的磁盘头到win进行分析的,以前正常的disk 0的磁盘头损坏(全0)

对于这个故障已经比较清楚，恢复思路也基本上确定：依次递进
方案1：通过kfed修改文件头，然后尝试mount磁盘头手工修复ASM DISK HEADER 异常
方案2：直接通过amdu,dul之类的工具拷贝出来数据文件找回ASM中数据文件
方案3：通过底层au重组出来数据文件asm disk header 彻底损坏恢复
在我们的实际恢复中运气比较好，通过方案1就完成了恢复工作，通过kfed修复磁盘头之后，然后报错如下

SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG mount
NOTE: cache registered group DATADG number=1 incarn=0x5134d0d4
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group DATADG number=1 incarn=0x5134d0d4
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,0) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata01)
Tue Mar 07 19:03:40 2017
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 1
GMON querying group 1 at 27 for pid 28, osid 13837
NOTE: Assigning number (1,1) to disk ()
GMON querying group 1 at 28 for pid 28, osid 13837
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open)
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 1: DATADG_0000 path:/dev/asm-diskdata01
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.178802
NOTE: cache opening disk 2 of grp 1: DATA_0001 path:/dev/asm-diskdata02
NOTE: cache mounting (first) normal redundancy group 1/0x5134D0D4 (DATADG)
Tue Mar 07 19:03:40 2017
* allocate domain 1, invalid = TRUE
kjbdomatt send to inst 2
Tue Mar 07 19:03:40 2017
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 1
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=19.2851 group=1 (DATADG)
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=2 ckpt=13.5327 group=1 (DATADG)
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 1 (DATADG) thread=2 ckpt=13.5327
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 1 (DATADG) thread=1 ckpt=19.2852
NOTE: cache recovered group 1 to fcn 0.365868
NOTE: redo buffer size is 512 blocks (2101760 bytes)
Tue Mar 07 19:03:40 2017
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR found thread 1 closed at ABA 19.2851
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR opening thread 1 at fcn 0.365868 ABA 20.2852
NOTE: cache mounting group 1/0x5134D0D4 (DATADG) succeeded
NOTE: cache ending mount (success) of group DATADG number=1 incarn=0x5134d0d4
Tue Mar 07 19:03:40 2017
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 1
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATADG was mounted
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup DATADG mount
Tue Mar 07 19:03:40 2017
NOTE: diskgroup resource ora.DATADG.dg is online
Tue Mar 07 19:03:41 2017
ASM Health Checker found 1 new failures
NOTE: ASM did background COD recovery for group 1/0x5134d0d4 (DATADG)
NOTE: starting rebalance of group 1/0x5134d0d4 (DATADG) at power 1
Starting background process ARB0
Tue Mar 07 19:03:42 2017
ARB0 started with pid=30, OS id=13905
NOTE: assigning ARB0 to group 1/0x5134d0d4 (DATADG) with 1 parallel I/O
cellip.ora not found.
WARNING: cache read  a corrupt block: group=1(DATADG) dsk=0 blk=0 disk=0
         (DATADG_0000) incarn=2202280062 au=0 blk=0 count=1
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_13905.trc:
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
NOTE: a corrupted block from group DATADG was dumped to /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_13905.trc
WARNING:cache read (retry)a corrupt block:group=1(DATADG) dsk=0 blk=0 disk=0
        (DATADG_0000)incarn=2202280062 au=0 blk=0 count=1
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_13905.trc:
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
ERROR: cache failed to read group=1(DATADG) dsk=0 blk=0 from disk(s): 0(DATADG_0000)
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
Tue Mar 07 19:03:52 2017
NOTE: client oradb1:oradb registered, osid 13989, mbr 0x1
NOTE: cache initiating offline of disk 0 group DATADG
NOTE:process _arb0_+asm1 (13905) initiating offline of disk 0.2202280062(DATADG_0000)with mask 0x7e in group 1
NOTE: checking PST: grp = 1
Tue Mar 07 19:03:52 2017
GMON checking disk modes for group 1 at 30 for pid 30, osid 13905
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 1)
NOTE: checking PST for grp 1 done.
NOTE: initiating PST update: grp = 1, dsk = 0/0x8344207e, mask = 0x6a, op = clear
GMON updating disk modes for group 1 at 31 for pid 30, osid 13905
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open) _DROPPED_0001_DATADG
ERROR: Disk 0 cannot be offlined, since all the disks [0, 1] with mirrored data would be offline.
ERROR: too many offline disks in PST (grp 1)
Tue Mar 07 19:03:52 2017
NOTE: cache dismounting (not clean) group 1/0x5134D0D4 (DATADG)
WARNING: Offline for disk DATADG_0000 in mode 0x7f failed.
Tue Mar 07 19:03:52 2017
NOTE: halting all I/Os to diskgroup 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 14002, image: oracle@DBN01 (B000)
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace/+ASM1_arb0_13905.trc  (incident=76402):
ORA-15335: ASM metadata corruption detected in disk group 'DATADG'
ORA-15130: diskgroup "DATADG" is being dismounted
ORA-15066: offlining disk "DATADG_0000" in group "DATADG" may result in a data loss
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
ORA-15196: invalid ASM block header [kfc.c:26368] [blk_kfbl] [2147483648] [0] [1022 != 0]
Incident details in: /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/incident/incdir_76402/+ASM1_arb0_13905_i76402.trc
Tue Mar 07 19:03:52 2017
NOTE: LGWR doing non-clean dismount of group 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR sync ABA=20.2857 last written ABA 20.2857

这里比较比较幸运，datadg已经mount成功了，但是由于rab依旧读取到disk header异常信息(没有完全修复成功,而且在日志中不光这个block异常，还有其他block异常，因此不考虑进一步修复),因此直接通过屏蔽asm的acd和cod实现该磁盘组mount,而且不会dismount。

SQL> alter diskgroup DATADG mount
NOTE: cache registered group DATADG number=1 incarn=0x9c94d0eb
NOTE: cache began mount (first) of group DATADG number=1 incarn=0x9c94d0eb
NOTE: Assigning number (1,2) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata02)
NOTE: Assigning number (1,0) to disk (/dev/asm-diskdata01)
NOTE: skip COD recovery as part of test at kfrc.c:1639
NOTE: skip COD recovery as part of test at kfrc.c:1639
Tue Mar 07 19:12:45 2017
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 1
GMON querying group 1 at 75 for pid 28, osid 15615
NOTE: Assigning number (1,1) to disk ()
GMON querying group 1 at 76 for pid 28, osid 15615
NOTE: cache closing disk 1 of grp 1: (not open)
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 1: DATADG_0000 path:/dev/asm-diskdata01
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.178802
NOTE: cache opening disk 2 of grp 1: DATA_0001 path:/dev/asm-diskdata02
NOTE: cache mounting (first) normal redundancy group 1/0x9C94D0EB (DATADG)
Tue Mar 07 19:12:45 2017
* allocate domain 1, invalid = TRUE
kjbdomatt send to inst 2
Tue Mar 07 19:12:45 2017
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 1
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=25.2870 group=1 (DATADG)
NOTE: advancing ckpt for group 1 (DATADG) thread=1 ckpt=25.2873
NOTE: cache recovered group 1 to fcn 0.365897
NOTE: redo buffer size is 512 blocks (2101760 bytes)
Tue Mar 07 19:12:45 2017
NOTE: LGWR attempting to mount thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR found thread 1 closed at ABA 25.2872
NOTE: LGWR mounted thread 1 for diskgroup 1 (DATADG)
NOTE: LGWR opening thread 1 at fcn 0.365897 ABA 26.2873
NOTE: cache mounting group 1/0x9C94D0EB (DATADG) succeeded
NOTE: cache ending mount (success) of group DATADG number=1 incarn=0x9c94d0eb
Tue Mar 07 19:12:45 2017
NOTE: Instance updated compatible.asm to 11.2.0.0.0 for grp 1
SUCCESS: diskgroup DATADG was mounted
SUCCESS: alter diskgroup DATADG mount
Tue Mar 07 19:12:45 2017
NOTE: diskgroup resource ora.DATADG.dg is online
NOTE: skip COD recovery as part of test at kfrc.c:1639
NOTE: skip COD recovery as part of test at kfrc.c:1639
NOTE: skip COD recovery as part of test at kfrc.c:1639
NOTE: skip COD recovery as part of test at kfrc.c:1639

asm的问题解决后，然后登录数据库，发现运气比较好，两个数据库正常open成功，而且alert日志无任何报错，直接通过rman备份出来数据，重建asm磁盘组，还原数据，恢复完成，而且实现数据0丢失。
如果您遇到此类情况,无法解决请联系我们，提供专业ORACLE数据库恢复技术支持
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ORA 600 3005恢复

数据库打开报ora-600 3005错误

D:\>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期二 3月 7 23:04:25 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> recover datafile 1;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> recover datafile 2;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> recover datafile 3;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> recover datafile 4;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> recover datafile 5;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> recover datafile 6;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00600: 内部错误代码, 参数: [3005], [1], [8242], [29937], [0], [0], [], [],
[], [], [], []

查询数据库信息

SQL> SELECT status,
  2  checkpoint_change#,
  3  checkpoint_time,FUZZY,
  4  count(*) ROW_NUM
  5  FROM v$datafile_header
  6  GROUP BY status, checkpoint_change#, checkpoint_time,fuzzy
  7  ORDER BY status, checkpoint_change#, checkpoint_time;
STATUS         CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIM FUZZY     ROW_NUM
-------------- ------------------ -------------- ------ ----------
ONLINE                  227036249 06-3月 -17     NO              5
ONLINE                  227036252 06-3月 -17     NO              1
SQL> set numw 16
SQL> SELECT status,
  2  checkpoint_change#,
  3  checkpoint_time,last_change#,
  4  count(*) ROW_NUM
  5  FROM v$datafile
  6  GROUP BY status, checkpoint_change#, checkpoint_time,last_change#
  7  ORDER BY status, checkpoint_change#, checkpoint_time;
STATUS         CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIM     LAST_CHANGE#
-------------- ------------------ -------------- ----------------
         ROW_NUM
----------------
ONLINE                  227036249 06-3月 -17
               4
ONLINE                  227036252 06-3月 -17
               1
SYSTEM                  227036249 06-3月 -17
               1

mos上关于ora-600 3005描述

VERSIONS:
versions 10.2 and later
DESCRIPTION:
Raised during pass one of the two pass recovery processing, which
reads and merges open redo threads into a hash table of blocks
that need recovery.
During examination of the the change vectors of online redologs, this
error is raised if no online redo log could be opened to cover the start RBA.
ARGUMENTS:
Arg [a] Thread
Arg [b] Redo Log File Sequence
Arg {c} Redo Log File Block Number
Arg [d] SCN Wrap
Arg [e] SCN Base

根据官方描述，出现该错误的原因是由于在数据库启动的过程中，通过控制文件读取的redo信息不匹配，从而出现该问题，通过重建控制文件可以绕过去该问题

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup nomount pfile='d:/pfile.txt'
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area      10288615424 bytes
Fixed Size                        2184672 bytes
Variable Size                  7482640928 bytes
Database Buffers               2785017856 bytes
Redo Buffers                     18771968 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORACLEDO" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 2336
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  9    GROUP 2 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 10    GROUP 3 'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
 11  DATAFILE
 12    'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\SYSTEM01.DBF',
 13    'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\SYSAUX01.DBF',
 14    'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
 15    'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\USERS01.DBF',
 16    'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\XIFENFEI01.DBF',
 17    'D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\XIFENFEI0102.DBF'
 18  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
 19  ;
控制文件已创建。
SQL> recover database;
完成介质恢复。
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00603: ORACLE server session terminated by fatal error
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [], [], [], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], []
进程 ID: 4036
会话 ID: 96 序列号: 1

这个错误就比较熟悉了，按照undo异常方案处理即可
补充说明
ora-600 3005的错误可能需要internal 帐号才能够查询到准确描述和处理方法,其实在这个库的运行最后crash之前，就已经报了控制文件异常,然后库crash掉了.

Mon Mar 06 10:16:37 2017
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 8242 (LGWR switch)
  Current log# 1 seq# 8242 mem# 0: D:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORACLEDOC\REDO01.LOG
Mon Mar 06 11:06:31 2017
********************* ATTENTION: ********************
 The controlfile header block returned by the OS
 has a sequence number that is too old.
 The controlfile might be corrupted.
 PLEASE DO NOT ATTEMPT TO START UP THE INSTANCE
 without following the steps below.
 RE-STARTING THE INSTANCE CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DAMAGE
 TO THE DATABASE, if the controlfile is truly corrupted.
 In order to re-start the instance safely,
 please do the following:
 (1) Save all copies of the controlfile for later
     analysis and contact your OS vendor and Oracle support.
 (2) Mount the instance and issue:
     ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO TRACE;
 (3) Unmount the instance.
 (4) Use the script in the trace file to
     RE-CREATE THE CONTROLFILE and open the database.
*****************************************************
MMON (ospid: 3320): terminating the instance
Mon Mar 06 11:06:32 2017
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (1528) as a result of ORA-1092
Mon Mar 06 11:06:32 2017
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Mon Mar 06 11:06:32 2017
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (2852) as a result of ORA-1092
Mon Mar 06 11:06:32 2017
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Mon Mar 06 11:06:33 2017
opiodr aborting process unknown ospid (3836) as a result of ORA-1092
Mon Mar 06 11:06:33 2017
ORA-1092 : opitsk aborting process
Instance terminated by MMON, pid = 3320

Oracle dul支持Oracle 12.2(12c)

随着oracle 12.2正式版的临近,通过最新版dul(Data UnLoader: 11.2.0.1.1)的测试,发现对于12c的版本支持依旧有问题,虽然作者在版本中较为明确的表示了支持12c但是测试效果不尽人意.
dul 11对oracle 12c的支持（Compatible参数表明支持12c)

[oracle@localhost dul]$ ./dul
Data UnLoader: 11.2.0.1.1 - Internal Only - on Tue Feb 21 23:39:08 2017
with 64-bit io functions and the decompression option
Copyright (c) 1994 2016 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.
 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only
Within one week you will need a more recent DUL version for this os
DUL: Warning: Compatible is set to 11 Values can be 6|7|8|9|10|11|12

在12.2的版本中运行dul结果如下

[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Feb 21 23:54:43 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> set lines 150
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.2.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
[root@xifenfei dul]# ./dul
Data UnLoader: 11.2.0.1.1 - Internal Only - on Tue Feb 21 23:53:37 2017
with 64-bit io functions and the decompression option
Copyright (c) 1994 2016 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.
 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only
Within one week you will need a more recent DUL version for this os
Found db_id = 766547632
Found db_name = ORCL12C
DUL> bootstrap;
Probing file = 1, block = 520
. unloading table                BOOTSTRAP$
DUL: Warning: block number is non zero but marked deferred trying to process it anyhow
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "BOOTSTRAP.ctl"
      60 rows unloaded
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 60 entries loaded
Parsing Bootstrap$ contents
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 12
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 240
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1  block 144
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1  block 144
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1  block 208
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table                      OBJ$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "OBJ.ctl"
   72655 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      TAB$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "TAB.ctl"
    2162 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      COL$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COL.ctl"
  114785 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     USER$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "USER.ctl"
     130 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 130 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat
DUL: FATAL Error: File OBJ.dat, line 22079: identifier too long

这个报错DUL: FATAL Error: File OBJ.dat比较明显由于dul在加载obj$对象的时候有对象字符太长导致加载失败

这个是由于在oracle 12c中已经允许对象名/列名程度为128,而不是以前版本的30,从而引起了这个问题,虽然dul的作者已经在dict.ddl中做了限制,但是目前看尚未生效

特殊处理后的dul可以完美支持12c

[root@xifenfei dul]# ./dul
Data UnLoader: 11.2.0.1.1 - Internal Only - on Wed Feb 22 00:04:40 2017
with 64-bit io functions and the decompression option
Copyright (c) 1994 2016 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.
 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only
Within one week you will need a more recent DUL version for this os
Found db_id = 766547632
Found db_name = ORCL12C
DUL> bootstrap;
Probing file = 1, block = 520
. unloading table                BOOTSTRAP$
DUL: Warning: block number is non zero but marked deferred trying to process it anyhow
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "BOOTSTRAP.ctl"
      60 rows unloaded
Reading BOOTSTRAP.dat 60 entries loaded
Parsing Bootstrap$ contents
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "dict.ddl"
Generating dict.ddl for version 12
 OBJ$: segobjno 18, file 1 block 240
 TAB$: segobjno 2, tabno 1, file 1  block 144
 COL$: segobjno 2, tabno 5, file 1  block 144
 USER$: segobjno 10, tabno 1, file 1  block 208
Running generated file "@dict.ddl" to unload the dictionary tables
. unloading table                      OBJ$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "OBJ.ctl"
   72655 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      TAB$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "TAB.ctl"
    2162 rows unloaded
. unloading table                      COL$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "COL.ctl"
  114785 rows unloaded
. unloading table                     USER$
DUL: Warning: Recreating file "USER.ctl"
     130 rows unloaded
Reading USER.dat 130 entries loaded
Reading OBJ.dat 72655 entries loaded and sorted 72655 entries
Reading TAB.dat 2162 entries loaded
Reading COL.dat 114785 entries loaded and sorted 114785 entries
DUL> unload table sys.undo$;
. unloading table                     UNDO$      21 rows unloaded
DUL> exit
Life is DUL without it

这里是通过特殊处理之后dul才能够支持12c版本,期待作者在后续版本中完善相关工作,在恢复的经验中dul还是一大利器.

oracle 12.2依旧支持bbed

随着oracle 12.2的全面正式发布,通过测试,在12.2中依旧支持bbed,处理方法完全与11g相同
linux版本

[oracle@xifenfei db_1]$ more /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 7.2
[oracle@xifenfei db_1]$ uname -a
Linux xifenfei 3.8.13-98.7.1.el7uek.x86_64 #2 SMP Wed Nov 25 13:51:41 PST 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[oracle@xifenfei db_1]$

数据库版本

SQL>  select * from v$version;
BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.2.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

bbed需要文件

[oracle@xifenfei bbed10_linux_64]$ ls -ltr
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 10270 Jul 25  2000 bbedus.msg
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  3306 Apr 20  2010 ssbbded.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  3976 Apr 20  2010 sbbdpt.o
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall  8704 Apr 20  2010 bbedus.msb

编译bbed

[oracle@xifenfei bbed10_linux_64]$
[oracle@xifenfei bbed10_linux_64]$ cp *.o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/
[oracle@xifenfei bbed10_linux_64]$ cp bbed* $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/mesg/
[oracle@xifenfei bbed10_linux_64]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@xifenfei db_1]$ make -f ./rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk BBED=./bin/bbed ./bin/bbed
Linking BBED utility (bbed)
rm -f bin/bbed
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/bin/orald -o bin/bbed -m64 -z noexecstack -Wl,--disable-new-dtags -L
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o `cat
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12
 -ldbtools12 -lclntsh -lclntshcore  `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12
 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnro12 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags`
-lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnnz12 -lzt12 -lztkg12 -lztkg12 -lclient12 -lnnetd12
-lvsn12 -lcommon12 -lgeneric12 -lmm -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12
-lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lnls12 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags
`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnro12 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags
`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lclient12 -lnnetd12  -lvsn12 -lcommon12 -lgeneric12
 -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12
-lcore12 -lnls12 -lclient12 -lnnetd12  -lvsn12 -lcommon12 -lgeneric12 -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 -lsnls12
 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lnls12
 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib -lm
 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm   -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1/lib

测试bbed

[oracle@xifenfei db_1]$ bbed blocksize=8192 filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/system01.dbf
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Fri Feb 17 00:57:56 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> map
 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl12c/system01.dbf (0)
 Block: 1                                     Dba:0x00000000
------------------------------------------------------------
 Data File Header
 struct kcvfh, 1248 bytes                   @0
 ub4 tailchk                                @8188
BBED> p kcvfh
struct kcvfh, 1248 bytes                    @0
   struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes                @0
      ub1 type_kcbh                         @0        0x0b
      ub1 frmt_kcbh                         @1        0xa2
      ub2 wrp2_kcbh                         @2        0x0000
      ub4 rdba_kcbh                         @4        0x00400001
      ub4 bas_kcbh                          @8        0x00000000
      ub2 wrp_kcbh                          @12       0x0000
      ub1 seq_kcbh                          @14       0x01
      ub1 flg_kcbh                          @15       0x04 (KCBHFCKV)
      ub2 chkval_kcbh                       @16       0x38d0
      ub2 spare3_kcbh                       @18       0x0000
   struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes                @20
      ub4 kccfhswv                          @20       0x00000000
      ub4 kccfhcvn                          @24       0x0c200000  <-------数据文件版本
      ub4 kccfhdbi                          @28       0x2db096b0
      text kccfhdbn[0]                      @32      O
      text kccfhdbn[1]                      @33      R
      text kccfhdbn[2]                      @34      C
      text kccfhdbn[3]                      @35      L
      text kccfhdbn[4]                      @36      1
      text kccfhdbn[5]                      @37      2
      text kccfhdbn[6]                      @38      C
      text kccfhdbn[7]                      @39
      ub4 kccfhcsq                          @40       0x00000714
      ub4 kccfhfsz                          @44       0x00019500
      s_blkz kccfhbsz                       @48       0x00
      ub2 kccfhfno                          @52       0x0001
      ub2 kccfhtyp                          @54       0x0003
      ub4 kccfhacid                         @56       0x00000000
      ub4 kccfhcks                          @60       0x00000000

通过测试,bbed可以完美支持12.2的数据文件,而且文件头格式无大变化

修改bootstrap$影响数据库执行计划

在以前的文章中，我写过通过ue修改oracle二进制文件实现数据库启动的sql执行计划，这里再次提供另外一种方法，通过修改bootstrap$表实现数据库启动sql执行计划。这里试验的是数据库不走i_undo1 index。[此方法危害性巨大仅供测试]
跟踪数据库正常启动过程

[oracle@localhost .oradata]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Feb 4 23:07:41 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2421825536 bytes
Fixed Size                  2215744 bytes
Variable Size            1828716736 bytes
Database Buffers          570425344 bytes
Redo Buffers               20467712 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 12
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug TRACEFILE_NAME
/opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/test/test/trace/test_ora_19003.trc
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

分析10046 trace文件

PARSING IN CURSOR #2 len=196 dep=1 uid=0 oct=9 lid=0 tim=1486220893978359 hv=24291558 ad='ef95ff70' sqlid='fqkyj700r5a76'
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX I_UNDO1 ON UNDO$(US#) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE
(  INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 34 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 320))
END OF STMT
PARSE #2:c=0,e=565,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=241391319,tim=1486220893978358
EXEC #2:c=0,e=123,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=1,og=4,plh=241391319,tim=1486220893978566
STAT #2 id=1 cnt=0 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op='INDEX BUILD UNIQUE I_UNDO1 (cr=0 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us)'
STAT #2 id=2 cnt=0 pid=1 pos=1 obj=0 op='SORT CREATE INDEX (cr=0 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us cost=0 size=0 card=0)'
STAT #2 id=3 cnt=0 pid=2 pos=1 obj=15 op='TABLE ACCESS FULL UNDO$ (cr=0 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us)'
CLOSE #2:c=0,e=5,dep=1,type=0,tim=1486220893978690
…………
PARSING IN CURSOR #5 len=142 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1486220894169144 hv=361892850 ad='ef934cb0' sqlid='7bd391hat42zk'
select /*+ rule */ name,file#,block#,status$,user#,undosqn,xactsqn,scnbas,scnwrp,DECODE(inst#,0,NULL,inst#),ts#,spare1 from undo$ where us#=:1
END OF STMT
PARSE #5:c=0,e=474,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=0,tim=1486220894169143
BINDS #5:
 Bind#0
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7f4f4556b0a8  bln=22  avl=02  flg=05
  value=1
EXEC #5:c=1000,e=802,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=906473769,tim=1486220894170055
WAIT #5: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 1018 file#=1 block#=321 blocks=1 obj#=34 tim=1486220894171138
WAIT #5: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 2620 file#=1 block#=225 blocks=1 obj#=15 tim=1486220894173817
FETCH #5:c=0,e=3770,p=2,cr=2,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=3,plh=906473769,tim=1486220894173859
STAT #5 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=15 op='TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID UNDO$ (cr=2 pr=2 pw=0 time=0 us)'
STAT #5 id=2 cnt=1 pid=1 pos=1 obj=34 op='INDEX UNIQUE SCAN I_UNDO1 (cr=1 pr=1 pw=0 time=0 us)'
CLOSE #5:c=0,e=9,dep=1,type=0,tim=1486220894173944

这些trace文件比较明显的展示了数据库在启动过程中,先是create index i_undo1,然后from undo$ where us#=:1走I_UNDO1 index访问。

删除i_undo1 在bootstrap$中信息

SQL> select line#,obj#,sql_text from bootstrap$ where sql_text like '%I_UNDO1%';
     LINE#       OBJ#
---------- ----------
SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        34         34
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX I_UNDO1 ON UNDO$(US#) PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STO
RAGE (  INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0
OBJNO 34 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 320))
SQL> DELETE FROM BOOTSTRAP$ WHERE OBJ#=34;
1 row deleted.
SQL> COMMIT;
Commit complete.
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

再次跟踪数据库启动

SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2421825536 bytes
Fixed Size                  2215744 bytes
Variable Size            1828716736 bytes
Database Buffers          570425344 bytes
Redo Buffers               20467712 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 12
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug TRACEFILE_NAME
/opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/test/test/trace/test_ora_19205.trc
SQL> alter database Open;
Database altered.

再次分析10046 trace文件

PARSING IN CURSOR #5 len=142 dep=1 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=1486221250365628 hv=361892850 ad='ef935ce0' sqlid='7bd391hat42zk'
select /*+ rule */ name,file#,block#,status$,user#,undosqn,xactsqn,scnbas,scnwrp,DECODE(inst#,0,NULL,inst#),ts#,spare1 from undo$ where us#=:1
END OF STMT
PARSE #5:c=1000,e=536,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=0,tim=1486221250365627
BINDS #5:
 Bind#0
  oacdty=02 mxl=22(22) mxlc=00 mal=00 scl=00 pre=00
  oacflg=08 fl2=0001 frm=00 csi=00 siz=24 off=0
  kxsbbbfp=7f89004340a8  bln=22  avl=02  flg=05
  value=1
EXEC #5:c=1000,e=727,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=1,og=3,plh=3995376916,tim=1486221250366467
WAIT #5: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 12 file#=1 block#=224 blocks=1 obj#=15 tim=1486221250366534
WAIT #5: nam='db file sequential read' ela= 10 file#=1 block#=225 blocks=1 obj#=15 tim=1486221250366606
FETCH #5:c=0,e=147,p=2,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=1,og=3,plh=3995376916,tim=1486221250366647
STAT #5 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=15 op='TABLE ACCESS FULL UNDO$ (cr=3 pr=2 pw=0 time=0 us)'
CLOSE #5:c=0,e=39,dep=1,type=0,tim=1486221250366717

这次的trace文件中已经没有了create index i_undo1，而且对于undo$ where us#=:1的访问是通过全表扫描undo$来实现的。通过这里已经清晰证明通过修改bootstrap$表内容，可以影响数据库启动的sql执行计划。

oracle database 12.2 发布计划表

在无穷的等待中，终于看到了官方给出来了准确的oracle 12c r2的发布时间表：2017年3月15日可以和Linux与Solaris平台的12.2见面了，aix、hp、win需要等到2017年第二个季度。

Release Dates (base and patch sets)

Platform	12.2.0.1	12.1.0.2¹¹	12.1.0.1^2,12	11.2.0.4¹⁰	11.2.0.3	11.2.0.2	11.2.0.1²	11.1.0.7 ¹	10.2.0.5 ³	10.2.0.4 ⁴	10.1.0.5
Oracle Public Cloud Releases
Exadata Express Cloud Service	18-Sep-2016	N/A
Database Cloud Service	4-Nov-2016	Sep-2014	N/A	Sep-2014	N/A
Exadata Cloud Service	4-Nov-2016	Oct-2015	N/A	Oct-2015	N/A
Exadata Cloud Machine	1HCY2017	Dec-2016	N/A
Oracle Cloud Machine	1HCY2017	Aug-2016	N/A
On-Premises Engineered Systems Same software as released for other platforms but tested on Engineered Systems
Oracle Database Appliance	1HCY2017	Apr 2014	N/A	Oct 2013
Exadata	15-Feb-2017	Oct 2014	Mar 2013	Nov 2013
Supercluster	15-Feb-2017	Nov 2014	Apr 2014	Dec 2013
MiniCluster (Solaris SPARC)	1HCY2017
On-Premises Server Releases (includes client)
Linux x86	Not planned	Not planned	Not planned	28-Aug-2013	23-Sep-2011	13-Sep-2010	1-Sep-2009	18-Sep-2008	30-Apr-2010	22-Feb-2008	30-Jan-2006
Linux x86-64	15-Mar-2017	22-Jul-2014	25-Jun-2013	27-Aug-2013	23-Sep-2011	13-Sep-2010	1-Sep-2009	18-Sep-2008	30-Apr-2010	17-Mar-2008	24-Feb-2006
Oracle Solaris SPARC (64-bit)	15-Mar-2017	22-Jul-2014	25-Jun-2013	29-Aug-2013	1-Oct-2011	24-Sep-2010	6-Nov-2009	06-Oct-2008	19-May-2010	30-Apr-2008	05-Feb-2006
Oracle Solaris x86-64 (64-bit)	15-Mar-2017	22-Jul-2014	25-Jun-2013	29-Aug-2013	1-Oct-2011	24-Sep-2010	25-Nov-2009	Not planned	19-May-2010	13-Nov-2008	Not planned
Microsoft Windows x64 (64-bit)	Q2CY2017	25-Sep-2014	9-Jul-2013	25-Oct-2013	11-Nov-2011	15-Dec-2010	2-Apr-2010	13-Nov-2008	27-Jul-2010	16-May-2008	Not planned
HP-UX Itanium^⁹	Q2CY2017	14-Nov-2014	9-Jan-2014	10-Oct-2013	29-Oct-2011	19-Oct-2010	22-Dec-2009	06-Oct-2008	3-Jun-2010	30-Apr-2008	07-Jun-2006
HP-UX PA-RISC (64-bit) See footnote 8 below	Platform desupported ⁸	Platform desupported ⁸	Platform desupported ⁸	2-Jan-2014	16-Feb-2012	15-Mar-2011	20-May-2010	11-Nov-2008	15-Dec-2010	02-Jun-2008	05-Feb-2006
IBM AIX on POWER Systems	Q2CY2017	14-Nov-2014	9-Jan-2014	10-Oct-2013	29-Oct-2011	19-Oct-2010	22-Dec-2009	06-Oct-2008	3-Jun-2010	15-May-2008	05-Feb-2006
IBM Linux on System z	Q2CY2017	14-Nov-2014	9-Jan-2014	9-Jan-2014	1-Dec-2011	30-Mar-2011	Not planned	Not planned	3-Jan-2011	16-Dec-2008	26-Aug-2006
Microsoft Windows (32-bit)	Not planned	Not planned	Not planned	25-Oct-2013	11-Nov-2011	15-Dec-2010	5-Apr-2010	10-Oct-2008	19-Jul-2010	17-Mar-2008	13-Feb-2006
Platform	12.2.0.1	12.1.0.2¹¹	12.1.0.1^2,12	11.2.0.4 ¹⁰	11.2.0.3	11.2.0.2	11.2.0.1²	11.1.0.7 ¹	10.2.0.5 ³	10.2.0.4 ⁴	10.1.0.5
Instant Client-Only Releases
Apple Mac OS X (Intel)	TBD	Planned	Not planned	20-Apr-2014 Download	31-Jan-2013 Instant Client only	Not planned	Not planned	Not planned	Sched TBA	10-April-2009 Single Instance only	Not planned
IBM Linux on POWER (Big Endian)		18-Dec-2015 (download)		4-Dec-2014
IBM Linux on POWER (Little Endian)		18-Dec-2015 (download)
Older Server Releases
Apple Mac OS X (PowerPC)	Platform desupported										08-Jan-2007
HP OpenVMS Alpha	Platform desupported								31-Oct-2012	15-Dec-2008	15-Feb-2008
HP OpenVMS Itanium				23-Jul-2015					31-Oct-2012	15-Dec-2008	Not planned
HP Tru64 UNIX	Platform desupported								21-Apr-2011	20-Feb-2009	18-Oct-2006
IBM Linux on POWER	Platform desupported (see Doc ID 1310584.1)								17-Mar-2011	9-Jan-2009	Not planned
IBM z/OS on System z	Platform desupported (see Doc ID 461234.1)								26-Oct-2012	Not planned	06-Mar-2006
Linux Itanium⁹	Platform desupported (see Doc ID 1130325.1)								17-Mar-2011	24-Sep-2008	30-Apr-2006
Microsoft Windows Itanium (64-bit) ^⁹	Platform desupported (see Doc ID 1307745.1)								12-May-2011	2-Feb-2009	30-Jan-2006
Oracle Solaris x86 (32-bit)	Platform desupported									14-Nov-2008 Last patch set for this platform	18-Jun-2006
Platform	12.2.0.1	12.1.0.2¹¹	12.1.0.1^2,12	11.2.0.4 ¹⁰	11.2.0.3	11.2.0.2	11.2.0.1²	11.1.0.7 ¹	10.2.0.5 ³	10.2.0.4 ⁴	10.1.0.5

Sched TBA = Schedule To Be Announced
DD-MMM-YYYY: Available, date shown is when the patch set was made available on My Oracle Support/MetaLink
1H or 2H CYyyyy: Date falls within the 1st half (six months) or 2nd half of Calendar Year. For example 1H CY2009 means “some time within the first six months of 2009”.
Qn CYyyyy: Date falls within the nth Quarter (3 month period) of the Calendar Year specified. For example Q2 CY 2009 means “sometime within the second quarter of 2009, ie between April and June 2009”.
Unsupported platform – means that no further Database releases will be ported to this platform
Patching for previous release ends: explained in next section.
参考：lease Schedule of Current Database Releases (文档 ID 742060.1)

asm磁盘头全部损坏数据0丢失恢复

在无穷的等待中，终于看到了官方给出来了准确的oracle 12c r2的发布时间表：2017年3月15日可以和Linux与Solaris平台的12.2见面了，aix、hp、win需要等到2017年第二个季度。

Release Dates (base and patch sets)

Oracle Public Cloud Releases

On-Premises Engineered Systems Same software as released for other platforms but tested on Engineered Systems

On-Premises Server Releases (includes client)

Instant Client-Only Releases

Older Server Releases