rman备份出现如下错误

RMAN> backup full  tag 'dbfull' format '/jfkdata1/rman_bak/full_%d_%u' database
 2>   include current controlfile  plus archivelog  format '/jfkdata1/rman_bak/arch_%d_%u';
Starting backup at 13-MAR-12
current log archived
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=297 instance=ykcdb2 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=29 RECID=43 STAMP=777808820
input archived log thread=1 sequence=30 RECID=46 STAMP=777816035
input archived log thread=2 sequence=21 RECID=45 STAMP=777816033
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
piece handle=/jfkdata1/rman_bak/arch_YKCDB_01n5p1vf tag=DBFULL comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 13-MAR-12
Starting backup at 13-MAR-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/jfkdata1/oradata/ykcdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/jfkdata1/oradata/ykcdb/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/jfkdata1/oradata/ykcdb/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/jfkdata1/oradata/ykcdb/undotbs02.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/jfkdata1/oradata/ykcdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
piece handle=/jfkdata1/rman_bak/full_YKCDB_02n5p209 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
piece handle=/jfkdata1/rman_bak/full_YKCDB_03n5p213 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-MAR-12
Starting backup at 13-MAR-12
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=2 sequence=22 RECID=48 STAMP=777816102
input archived log thread=1 sequence=31 RECID=47 STAMP=777816101
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 13-MAR-12
piece handle=/jfkdata1/rman_bak/arch_YKCDB_04n5p217 tag=DBFULL comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 13-MAR-12
ORA-00245: control file backup operation failed
RMAN-08132: WARNING: cannot update recovery area reclaimable file list
RMAN>

从这里可以看出数据库文件，归档日志，spfile和controlfile都备份完成，后面又出现一个controlfile失败，应该是控制文件快照备份失败。

错误原因

RMAN creates a copy of the control file for read consistency, this is the snapshot controlfile.
Due to the changes made to the controlfile backup mechanism in 11gR2 any instances
in the cluster may write to the snapshot controlfile. Therefore,
the snapshot controlfile file needs to be visible to all instances.
The same happens when a backup of the controlfile is created directly from
sqlplus any instance in the cluster may write to the backup controfile file.
In 11gR2 onwards, the controlfile backup happens without holding the control file enqueue.
For non-RAC database, this doesn't change anything.
But, for RAC database, the snapshot controlfile location
must be in a shared file system that will be accessible from all the nodes.
The snapshot controlfile MUST be  accessible by all nodes of a RAC database.

大致意思就是rman的snapshot controlfile必须放在共享存储之上。

解决方法

The snapshot controlfile MUST be accessible by all nodes of a RAC database,
if the snapshot controlfile does not reside in on a shared device this error will raise.
1. Check the snapshot controlfile location:
RMAN> show all;
2. Configure the snapshot controlfile to a shared disk:
RMAN> CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '<shared_disk>/snapcf_<DBNAME>.f';