通过试验验证pg_rman的基础使用
创建测试环境
模拟创建新表空间,新数据库,新用户,新schema,并且创建表插入测试数据，这样的环境下,pg_rman 备份还原效果

[root@localhost ~]# psql
Password:
psql.bin (10.4)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#  CREATE USER u_xifenfei WITH
postgres-#  LOGIN
postgres-#  SUPERUSER
postgres-#  CREATEDB
postgres-#  CREATEROLE
postgres-#  INHERIT
postgres-#  REPLICATION
postgres-#  CONNECTION LIMIT -1
postgres-#  PASSWORD 'xifenfei';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=#  CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_xifenfei
postgres-#    OWNER u_xifenfei
postgres-#    LOCATION '/opt/PostgreSQL/10/tbs_xifenfei';
CREATE TABLESPACE
postgres=#  CREATE DATABASE db_xifenfei
postgres-#      WITH
postgres-#      OWNER = u_xifenfei
postgres-#      ENCODING = 'UTF8'
postgres-#      TABLESPACE = tbs_xifenfei
postgres-#      CONNECTION LIMIT = -1;
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# \q
[root@localhost ~]# psql -U u_xifenfei
Password for user u_xifenfei:
psql.bin (10.4)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \q
[root@localhost ~]# psql -U u_xifenfei -d db_xifenfei
Password for user u_xifenfei:
psql.bin (10.4)
Type "help" for help.
db_xifenfei=#
db_xifenfei=#
db_xifenfei=# create schema u_xifenfei;
CREATE SCHEMA
db_xifenfei=# create table t_xifenfei as select * from pg_tables;
SELECT 69
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 69
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 138
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 276
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 552
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 1104
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 2208
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 4416
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 8832
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 17664
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 35328
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 70656
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 141312
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 282624
db_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 565248
db_xifenfei=# select count(*) from t_xifenfei;
  count
---------
 1130496
(1 row)
db_xifenfei=#

第一次全备数据库

[root@localhost backup]# pg_rman backup --backup-mode=full \
[root@localhost backup]# --backup-path=/backup -d db_xifenfei -U u_xifenfei -h 127.0.0.1
Password for user u_xifenfei:
INFO: copying database files
INFO: copying archived WAL files
INFO: backup complete
INFO: Please execute 'pg_rman validate' to verify the files are correctly copied.

模拟继续插入数据
t_xifenfei表一共有数据2260992条

b_xifenfei=# insert into t_xifenfei select * from t_xifenfei;
INSERT 0 1130496
db_xifenfei=# select count(*) from t_xifenfei;
  count
---------
 2260992
(1 row)

查看全备情况

[root@localhost 10]#  pg_rman show --backup-path=/backup
=====================================================================
 StartTime           EndTime              Mode    Size   TLI  Status
=====================================================================
2018-08-05 10:47:29  2018-08-05 10:47:43  FULL   611MB     1  DONE

备份归档日志

[root@localhost 10]# pg_rman backup --backup-mode=archive \
[root@localhost 10]# --backup-path=/backup -d db_xifenfei -U u_xifenfei -h 127.0.0.1
Password for user u_xifenfei:
INFO: copying archived WAL files
INFO: backup complete
INFO: Please execute 'pg_rman validate' to verify the files are correctly copied.

检查全备和归档备份情况

[root@localhost 10]#  pg_rman show --backup-path=/backup
=====================================================================
 StartTime           EndTime              Mode    Size   TLI  Status
=====================================================================
2018-08-05 10:54:51  2018-08-05 10:56:07  ARCH   620MB     1  DONE
2018-08-05 10:47:29  2018-08-05 10:47:43  FULL   611MB     1  DONE

停掉pg

[root@localhost data]# su - postgres
Last login: Sun Aug  5 02:19:57 EDT 2018 on pts/1
-bash-4.2$ source pg_env.sh
-bash-4.2$ pg_ctl stop
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
-bash-4.2$ ps -ef|grep postgres
root      39902  30494  0 11:05 pts/0    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres  39903  39902  0 11:05 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
postgres  40021  39903  0 11:06 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
postgres  40022  39903  0 11:06 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres

删除原库并创建相关目录
注意:对应的空间目录权限为700,所有者和组为postgres

[root@localhost 10]# pwd
/opt/PostgreSQL/10
[root@localhost 10]# mv data data_bak
[root@localhost 10]# mv tbs_xifenfei tbs_xifenfei_bak
[root@localhost 10]# mkdir data
[root@localhost 10]# mkdir tbs_xifenfei
[root@localhost 10]# chmod 700 data
[root@localhost 10]# chmod 700 tbs_xifenfei
[root@localhost 10]# chown postgres:postgres data
[root@localhost 10]# chown postgres:postgres tbs_xifenfei

还原数据库

-bash-4.2$ pg_rman restore --backup-path=/backup
WARNING: pg_controldata file "/opt/PostgreSQL/10/data/global/pg_control" does not exist
INFO: the recovery target timeline ID is not given
INFO: use timeline ID of latest full backup as recovery target: 1
INFO: calculating timeline branches to be used to recovery target point
INFO: searching latest full backup which can be used as restore start point
INFO: found the full backup can be used as base in recovery: "2018-08-05 10:47:29"
INFO: copying online WAL files and server log files
INFO: clearing restore destination
INFO: validate: "2018-08-05 10:47:29" backup and archive log files by SIZE
INFO: backup "2018-08-05 10:47:29" is valid
INFO: restoring database files from the full mode backup "2018-08-05 10:47:29"
INFO: searching incremental backup to be restored
INFO: searching backup which contained archived WAL files to be restored
INFO: backup "2018-08-05 10:47:29" is valid
INFO: restoring WAL files from backup "2018-08-05 10:47:29"
INFO: restoring online WAL files and server log files
INFO: generating recovery.conf
INFO: restore complete
HINT: Recovery will start automatically when the PostgreSQL server is started.

启动pg

-bash-4.2$ pg_ctl start
waiting for server to start....2018-08-05 11:23:40.190 EDT [40855] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
2018-08-05 11:23:40.190 EDT [40855] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
2018-08-05 11:23:40.193 EDT [40855] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2018-08-05 11:23:40.200 EDT [40855] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
2018-08-05 11:23:40.200 EDT [40855] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
 done
server started
-bash-4.2$ ps -ef|grep postgres
root      40328  21806  0 11:14 pts/3    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres  40329  40328  0 11:14 pts/3    00:00:00 -bash
postgres  40855      1  0 11:23 pts/3    00:00:00 /opt/PostgreSQL/10/bin/postgres
postgres  40856  40855  0 11:23 ?        00:00:00 postgres: logger process
postgres  40857  40855 57 11:23 ?        00:00:16 postgres: startup process   waiting for 000000010000000000000025
postgres  40859  40855  0 11:23 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process
postgres  40860  40855  7 11:23 ?        00:00:02 postgres: writer process
postgres  40862  40855  0 11:23 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process
postgres  40892  40329  0 11:24 pts/3    00:00:00 ps -ef
postgres  40893  40329  0 11:24 pts/3    00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres
-bash-4.2$

验证数据库还原结果

-bash-4.2$ psql -U u_xifenfei -d db_xifenfei
Password for user u_xifenfei:
psql.bin (10.4)
Type "help" for help.
db_xifenfei=#  select count(*) from t_xifenfei;
  count
---------
 2260992
(1 row)
db_xifenfei=#

破坏环境之前表条数和还原之后完全匹配,证pg_rman在功能上备份恢复没有问题