接到第一个使用Oracle 12C作为生产库的恢复救援.有两个业务数据文件报文件头损坏,其他数据文件全部是9月份的一次备份,在当前的条件下,希望我们能够帮他们恢复出来业务文件中的数据
数据库版本信息

SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.1.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                            0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production                                                    0

数据库故障
具体脚本请参考:数据库恢复检查脚本(Oracle Database Recovery Check)
控制文件信息

控制文件中关于数据文件信息

数据文件头信息

alert日志报错

Reading datafile '/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf' for corruption at rdba: 0x00000001 (file 4, block 1)
Reread (file 4, block 1) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Hex dump of (file 5, block 1) in trace file /app/oracle/diag/rdbms/valuenet/valuenet/trace/valuenet_ora_12384.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00000001 (file 5, block 1)
Fractured block found during kcvxfh v8
Data in bad block:
 type: 0 format: 2 rdba: 0x00000001
 last change scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x05
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x00000001
 check value in block header: 0xa701
 computed block checksum: 0x0
Reading datafile '/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200' for corruption at rdba: 0x00000001 (file 5, block 1)
Reread (file 5, block 1) found same corrupt data (no logical check)
Hex dump of (file 4, block 1) in trace file /app/oracle/diag/rdbms/valuenet/valuenet/trace/valuenet_ora_12384.trc
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00000001 (file 4, block 1)
Fractured block found during kcvxfh v8
Data in bad block:
 type: 0 format: 2 rdba: 0x00000001
 last change scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x05
 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0
 consistency value in tail: 0x00000001
 check value in block header: 0xa701
 computed block checksum: 0x0

odu无法识别异常文件

[oracle@db odu]$ ./odu
Oracle Data Unloader trial version 4.1.3
Copyright (c) 2008,2009,2010,2011 XiongJun. All rights reserved.
loading default config.......
byte_order little
block_size  8192
db_timezone -7
Invalid db timezone:-7
client_timezone 8
Invalid client timezone:8
asmfile_extract_path /home/oracle/hongye/odu/data
data_path  /home/oracle/hongye/odu/data
lob_path  /home/oracle/hongye/odu/data
charset_name ZHS16GBK
ncharset_name AL16UTF16
output_form  dmp
error at line 10.
lob_storage infile
clob_byte_order big
trace_level 1
delimiter |
unload_deleted yes
file_header_offset 0
is_tru64 no
record_row_addr no
convert_clob_charset yes
load config file 'config.txt' successful
loading default asm disk file ......
can not open file 'asmdisk.txt', error message:No such file or directory.
loading default control file ......
unknown file format '/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf'
unknown file format '/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200'
 ts#   fn  rfn bsize   blocks bf offset filename
---- ---- ---- ----- -------- -- ------ --------------------------------------------
   1    1    1  8192   194560 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/system01.dbf
   6    2   10  8192    45840 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/example01.dbf
   1    3    3  8192   907520 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sysaux01.dbf
   4 1024   10  8192        0 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf
   5 1024    9  8192        0 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200
   4    6    6  8192   128320 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/users01.dbf
   7    7    7  8192   780288 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/undotbs03.dbf
  11    8    8  8192    25600 N       0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/indx01.dbf
load control file 'control.txt' successful
loading dictionary data......done
loading scanned data......done

dul无法识别异常文件

[oracle@db dul]$ ./dul
Data UnLoader: 10.2.0.5.32 - Internal Only - on Sun Nov  2 23:34:42 2014
with 64-bit io functions
Copyright (c) 1994 2014 Bernard van Duijnen All rights reserved.
 Strictly Oracle Internal Use Only
DUL: Warning: ulimit process stack size is only 33554432
Found db_id = 270587870
Found db_name = VALUENET
DUL: Warning: Cannot verify file number for /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf
DUL: Warning: First four bytes(76 162 0 0) of block 2 are not the start of a proper data block header
DUL: Warning: Block corruption or configuration error
DUL: Warning: Check db_block_size and/or osd_file_leader_size and/or file offset
DUL: Error: File Number can only be zero for Single Tablespace Datafiles
DUL: Warning: Cannot verify file number for /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200
DUL: Warning: First four bytes(76 162 0 0) of block 2 are not the start of a proper data block header
DUL: Warning: Block corruption or configuration error
DUL: Warning: Check db_block_size and/or osd_file_leader_size and/or file offset
DUL: Error: File Number can only be zero for Single Tablespace Datafiles
DUL> show datafiles;
ts# rf# start   blocks offs open  err file name
  0   1     0   194561    0    1    0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/system01.dbf
  1   3     0   907521    0    1    0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sysaux01.dbf
  4   6     0   128321    0    1    0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/users01.dbf
  7   7     0   780289    0    1    0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/undotbs03.dbf
 11   8     0    25601    0    1    0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/indx01.dbf
  6  10     0    45841    0    1    0 /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/example01.dbf

该异常文件使用dul/odu均无法正常识别.证明文件头确实已经损坏

dbv 检测

[oracle@db trace]$ dbv file=/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200
DBVERIFY: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Nov 2 14:08:34 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 194560
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 114596
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 26198
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 37787
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 1
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 15979
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 129603862 (0.129603862)
[oracle@db ~]$ dbv file=/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Nov 2 23:12:05 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined         : 655360
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 294938
Total Pages Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 233404
Total Pages Failing   (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Lob)  : 38
Total Pages Failing   (Lob)  : 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 23252
Total Pages Processed (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Failing   (Seg)  : 0
Total Pages Empty            : 103728
Total Pages Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Pages Influx           : 0
Total Pages Encrypted        : 0
Highest block SCN            : 134665298 (0.134665298)

dbv检测结果无坏块,但是v$datafile_header和alert日志中报坏块,初步判断是由于该文件是bigfile,dbv未检测到文件头坏块,实际该该数据文件头损坏，其他block正常.所幸的是该库有9月份的rman备份(中间归档丢失),因此使用rman还原出来9月份的数据文件,然后使用dd拷贝两个 block(block 0和block 1)到异常文件.

[root@db freetouch]# dd if=/app1/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf bs=8192 count=2 of=/tmp/odu/sales.2
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
16384 bytes (16 kB) copied, 0.0176368 s, 929 kB/s
[root@db freetouch]# dd if=/tmp/odu/sales.2 of=/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf bs=8192 count=2 conv=notrunc
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
16384 bytes (16 kB) copied, 6.4281e-05 s, 255 MB/s
[root@db freetouch]# dd if=/app1/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200 bs=8192 count=2 of=/tmp/odu/drp_200200.2
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
16384 bytes (16 kB) copied, 0.0185934 s, 881 kB/s
[root@db freetouch]# dd if=/tmp/odu/drp_200200.2 of=/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/drp_200200 bs=8192 count=2 conv=notrunc
2+0 records in
2+0 records out
16384 bytes (16 kB) copied, 6.4419e-05 s, 254 MB/s

尝试恢复数据库

SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-19909: datafile 4 belongs to an orphan incarnation
ORA-01110: data file 4: '/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/sales.dbf'

使用bbed修改相关文件头,然后继续恢复
具体见：bbed解决ORA-01190类似方法处理

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 129603904 generated at 11/02/2014 19:19:54 needed for thread
1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/app/oracle/recovery_area/VALUENET/archivelog/2014_11_02/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 129603904 for thread 1 is in sequence #1
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel;
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log 'cancel;'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [0], [129603911], [0],
[129603913], [29360256], [], [], [], [], [], []
Process ID: 19881
Session ID: 1 Serial number: 3

出现ORA-600[2662]错误,因为scn相差比较小，重启数据库机器,出现ORA-600[4194]错误

SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/pfile.txt' mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes
Fixed Size                  2291472 bytes
Variable Size             973080816 bytes
Database Buffers         1526726656 bytes
Redo Buffers                3239936 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/app/oracle/oradata/freetouch/system01.dbf'
SQL> recover database ;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-16433: The database or pluggable database must be opened in read/write
mode.

重建控制文件后继续恢复

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [4194], [46], [19], [], [], [], [],
[], [], [], [], []
Process ID: 20351
Session ID: 1 Serial number: 3

设置undo_management=MANUAL然后继续恢复

[oracle@db tmp]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun Nov 2 19:29:45 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/pfile.txt'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2505338880 bytes
Fixed Size                  2291472 bytes
Variable Size             973080816 bytes
Database Buffers         1526726656 bytes
Redo Buffers                3239936 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

这次的恢复也证明Oracle 12C确实有着越来越多的用户在使用.