本文对于IMDB的几个特性进行了具体测试:
1. 压缩级别和压缩率(具体也需要具体测试),本实验仅提供参考
2. 对于IM空间不足已经存在的对象和加入新对象的现象
3. 对于PRIORITY级别进行了简单测试
数据库基本配置信息

SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER                                                                               CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production              0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production                                                    0
CORE    12.1.0.2.0      Production                                                        0
TNS for 64-bit Windows: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production                                   0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production                                                    0
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     2
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 100M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
percent
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

数据库版本12.1.0.2,inmemory_size配置为100M

准备测试环境

SQL> create tablespace inmemory datafile 'D:\APP\FFCHENG\ORADATA\XFF\PDB\in_memory01.dbf'
   2  size 100m autoextend on next 4m maxsize 10g;
表空间已创建。
SQL> create user chf identified by xifenfei;
用户已创建。
SQL> grant dba to chf;
授权成功。
SQL> alter user chf default tablespace inmemory;
用户已更改。
SQL> create table chf.t_inmemory1 as select * from dba_objects;
表已创建。

创建测试表空间,用户,测试表

测试压缩级别

SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory NO MEMCOMPRESS;
表已更改。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
未选定行
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488      10616832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
--NO MEMCOMPRESS 压缩比例非常小，基本上不压缩
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 no inmemory ;
表已更改。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
未选定行
SQL>  alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory MEMCOMPRESS FOR DML
  2  ;
表已更改。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488      10616832 NONE     FOR DML
--FOR DML 压缩比例非常小，基本上不压缩和NO MEMCOMPRESS在压缩效果上类似
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 no inmemory ;
表已更改。
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY LOW;
表已更改。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488       4325376 NONE     FOR QUERY LOW
-- FOR QUERY LOW为默认压缩级别,这里看压缩比例在3:1左右,具体取决于数据
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 no inmemory ;
表已更改。
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY HIGH;
表已更改。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
未选定行
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488       3276800 NONE     FOR QUERY HIGH
-- FOR QUERY HIGH,这里看压缩比例在4:1左右,具体取决于数据
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 no inmemory ;
表已更改。
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY LOW;
表已更改。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488       2228224 NONE     FOR CAPACITY LOW
-- FOR CAPACITY LOW,这里看压缩比例在6:1左右,具体取决于数据
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 no inmemory ;
表已更改。
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH;
表已更改。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488        131072 NONE     FOR CAPACITY HIGH
-- FOR CAPACITY HIGH,这里看压缩比例在10:1左右,具体取决于数据

这里可以看出来,压缩效果确实如Oracle所描述,级别越高压缩效果越好.

测试inmemory_size大小不足之时

SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 inmemory no MEMCOMPRESS;
表已更改。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91040
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  13631488      10616832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
--dml插入数据,不再次查询数据,v$im_segments.inmemory_size不发生改变(这个是bug还是设计考虑？？)
SQL> insert into chf.t_inmemory1 select * from chf.t_inmemory1;
已创建 91040 行。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  26214400      10616832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  26214400      10616832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
    182080
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  26214400      22282240 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> insert into chf.t_inmemory1 select * from chf.t_inmemory1;
已创建 182080 行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  51380224      22282240 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
--通过10046证明,虽然v$im_segments.inmemory_size值未及时更新,但是IMDB是生效的
SQL> oradebug setmypid
已处理的语句
SQL> alter session set db_file_multiblocK_read_count=1;
会话已更改。
SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 12
已处理的语句
SQL> oradebug TRACEFILE_NAME
D:\APP\FFCHENG\diag\rdbms\xff\xff\trace\xff_ora_7604.trc
SQL> SELECT COUNT(object_id) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
COUNT(OBJECT_ID)
----------------
          364156
SQL> oradebug EVENT 10046 trace name context off
已处理的语句
PARSING IN CURSOR #455134016 len=44 dep=0 uid=0 oct=3 lid=0 tim=126773093621 hv=1133975269
 ad='7ff07339500' sqlid='5909ukj1tf5r5'
SELECT COUNT(object_id) FROM chf.t_inmemory1
END OF STMT
PARSE #455134016:c=15600,e=3912,p=0,cr=2,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=3154396630,tim=126773093620
WAIT #455134016: nam='Disk file operations I/O' ela= 154 FileOperation=8 fileno=0 filetype=8 obj#=-1 tim=126773093926
EXEC #455134016:c=0,e=25,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,plh=3154396630,tim=126773094005
WAIT #455134016: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 2 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=126773094044
FETCH #455134016:c=0,e=13751,p=0,cr=3110,cu=1,mis=0,r=1,dep=0,og=1,plh=3154396630,tim=126773107829
STAT #455134016 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=0 op='SORT AGGREGATE (cr=3110 pr=0 pw=0 time=13751 us)'
STAT #455134016 id=2 cnt=364160 pid=1 pos=1 obj=91914 op='TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL T_INMEMORY1 (cr=3110 pr=0
  pw=0 time=5386 us cost=17 size=455200 card=91040)'
WAIT #455134016: nam='SQL*Net message from client' ela= 116 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=126773108164
FETCH #455134016:c=0,e=1,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,plh=3154396630,tim=126773108215
WAIT #455134016: nam='SQL*Net message to client' ela= 0 driver id=1111838976 #bytes=1 p3=0 obj#=-1 tim=126773108246
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  51380224      43384832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
    364160
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
  51380224      43384832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> insert into chf.t_inmemory1 select * from chf.t_inmemory1;
已创建 364160 行。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 109051904      43384832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM chf.t_inmemory1;
  COUNT(*)
----------
    728320
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 109051904      43384832 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 109051904      71892992 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
--这里可以看出来INMEMORY_SIZE已经使用了71892992,再插入一次数据,一共100M的IM肯定不够使用
SQL> insert into chf.t_inmemory1 select * from chf.t_inmemory1;
已创建 728320 行。
SQL> commit;
提交完成。
SQL> select count(object_id) from chf.t_inmemory1;
COUNT(OBJECT_ID)
----------------
         1456624
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 201326592      63438848 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
--这里现在的INMEMORY_SIZE变为了63438848小于在插入数据之前的71892992,证明IM肯定出现问题,比如已经满了,
  v$im_segments显示值不准确
--测试刷新buffer_cache对IM的影响
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
系统已更改。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 201326592      63438848 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
--结果证明无影响
autotrace结果
SQL> set autot trace exp stat
SQL> set lines 120
SQL> pages 1000
SQL> set pages 1000
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory1;
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3154396630
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name        | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |             |     1 |    16   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE             |             |     1 |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL| T_INMEMORY1 | 91040 |    16   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          5  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
      16693  consistent gets
      16690  physical reads
          0  redo size
        546  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        552  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed
10046结果
SQL ID: 1b61dgunxftdx Plan Hash: 3154396630
select count(object_id)
from
 chf.t_inmemory1
call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           0
Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Fetch        2      1.26       4.14      16689      22446          0           1
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
total        4      1.26       4.14      16689      22448          0           1
Misses in library cache during parse: 1
Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
Parsing user id: SYS
Number of plan statistics captured: 1
Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation
---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------
         1          1          1  SORT AGGREGATE (cr=22446 pr=16689 pw=0 time=4144536 us)
   1456640    1456640    1456640   TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL T_INMEMORY1 (cr=22446 pr=16689 pw=0
                                         time=2560999 us cost=17 size=455200 card=91040)
Elapsed times include waiting on following events:
  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited
  ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------
  Disk file operations I/O                        1        0.00          0.00
  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00
  db file sequential read                     16689        0.03          3.05
  SQL*Net message from client                     2        5.40          5.40
--autotrace和10046都证明,当IM size不足之时,数据库未能够使用IM的特性,哪怕是部分也不能使用
--创建新对象存放IM中
SQL> create table chf.t_inmemory2 as select * from dba_objects;
表已创建。
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory2 inmemory;
表已更改。
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory2;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91041
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
  2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY1';
SEGMENT_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 201326592      63438848 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory2;
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2042227318
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name        | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |             |     1 |    16   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE             |             |     1 |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL| T_INMEMORY2 | 91041 |    16   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       1532  consistent gets
       1530  physical reads
          0  redo size
        545  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        552  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1 no inmemory;
表已更改。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
   2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY2';
未选定行
SQL> set autot traceonly exp stat
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory2;
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2042227318
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name        | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |             |     1 |    16   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE             |             |     1 |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL| T_INMEMORY2 | 91041 |    16   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
         57  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
       1565  consistent gets
       1532  physical reads
          0  redo size
        545  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        552  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          5  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed
SQL> set autot off
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION
   2  from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_INMEMORY2';
SEGMENT_NAME
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY2
  13631488       4325376 NONE     FOR QUERY LOW
SQL> set autot traceonly exp stat
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory2;
执行计划
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2042227318
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name        | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |             |     1 |    53   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE             |             |     1 |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS INMEMORY FULL| T_INMEMORY2 | 91041 |    53   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
统计信息
----------------------------------------------------------
          0  recursive calls
          0  db block gets
          3  consistent gets
          0  physical reads
          0  redo size
        545  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
        552  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
          2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
          0  sorts (memory)
          0  sorts (disk)
          1  rows processed
--当IM已经无空闲空间之时,创建新对象在PRIORITY未提升之前,即便是设置了IM和对对象进行了访问,也无法存入IM

上述测试几个结论:
1. 随着IM中对象的增加，当INMEMORY_SIZE不足之时,v$im_segments.INMEMORY_SIZE显示不准确
2. 随着IM中对象的增加，当INMEMORY_SIZE不足之时,当IM中的对象不能全部在IM中之时,对其对象操作,会转换成传统数据库操作,
不会使用部分的IM特性,但是执行计划依然提示使用INMEMORY
3. flush buffer_cache 不影响对象的IM
4. 当IM已经无空闲空间之时,创建新对象在PRIORITY未提升之前,即便是设置了IM和对对象进行了访问,也无法存入IM,
访问依然是传统方式,但是执行计划是INMEMORY

测试PRIORITY

SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION from v$im_segments;
SEGMENT_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 201326592      57999360 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory2  inmemory;
表已更改。
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory2;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91041
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION from v$im_segments;
SEGMENT_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY1
 201326592      57999360 NONE     NO MEMCOMPRESS
SQL> alter table chf.t_inmemory1  inmemory no memcompress PRIORITY LOW;
表已更改。
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION from v$im_segments;
未选定行
SQL> select count(*) from chf.t_inmemory2;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     91041
SQL>  select segment_name,bytes,inmemory_size,INMEMORY_PRIORITY,INMEMORY_COMPRESSION from v$im_segments;
SEGMENT_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     BYTES INMEMORY_SIZE INMEMORY INMEMORY_COMPRESS
---------- ------------- -------- -----------------
T_INMEMORY2
  13631488       4325376 NONE     FOR QUERY LOW

这里测试证明：
1. 指定PRIORITY不为none也需要访问对象后才能够放入IM中
2. 当IM不足时,PRIORITY级别高的会把级别低的对象刷出IM

特此声明:本文仅出自个人测试,得出结论,不可作为任何官方依据使用,具体环境需要具体测试

本问是对于Oracle 12C中的In-Memory Column Store一个整体的汇总,具体细节知识在以后章节中展开
IM可以针对如下级别进行操作
Column
Table
Materialized view
Tablespace
Partition

可以指定In-Memory操作语句
CREATE TABLE
ALTER TABLE
CREATE TABLESPACE
ALTER TABLESPACE
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

压缩级别

优先级

对象级别操作IM

CREATE TABLE t_xifenfei (
     id        NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
     test_col  VARCHAR2(15))
  INMEMORY;
ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY;
ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY LOW;
ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY PRIORITY HIGH;
ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei INMEMORY
  MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH
  PRIORITY LOW;
ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei
   INMEMORY MEMCOMPRESS FOR QUERY (
      product_id, product_name, category_id, supplier_id, min_price)
   INMEMORY MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH (
      product_description, warranty_period, product_status, list_price)
   NO INMEMORY (
      weight_class, catalog_url);
ALTER TABLE t_xifenfei NO INMEMORY;

补充说明:列级别设置的优先级无效,优先级是表(物化视图)或者分区表级别

表空间级别操作IM

CREATE TABLESPACE xifenfie_im
   DATAFILE '/u02/xifenfei.dbf' SIZE 40M
   ONLINE
   DEFAULT INMEMORY;
ALTER TABLESPACE xifenfie_im DEFAULT INMEMORY
   MEMCOMPRESS FOR CAPACITY HIGH
   PRIORITY LOW;

物化视图级别

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW oe.prod_info_mv INMEMORY
  AS SELECT * FROM t_xifenfei;
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW oe.prod_info_mv INMEMORY PRIORITY HIGH;

适合使用IN-Memory操作
A query that scans a large number of rows and applies filters that use operators such as the following: =, <, >, and IN
A query that selects a small number of columns from a table or materialized view with a large number of columns,
such as a query that selects five columns from a table with 100 columns
A query that joins a small table to a large table
A query that aggregates data

不适合使用IN-Memory操作
Queries with complex predicates
Queries that select a large number of columns
Queries that return a large number of rows
Queries with multiple large table joins

IM控制参数
INMEMORY_SIZE 指定IM分配内存大小,默认值为0,如果启动该值最小为100M;如果在CDB环境中使用,CDB级别设置为整个库级别限制,PDB默认继承CDB设置,但是在实际使用中PDB中总数不能超过CDB限制
INMEMORY_FORCE 指定是否允许数据库中对象使用IM,默认是DEFAULT,即可以实现在对象级别定义INMEMORY or NO INMEMORY,如果设置为OFF 即表示表或者物化视图无法使用IM
INMEMORY_CLAUSE_DEFAULT 默认为空,和NO INMEMORY意义相同,表示创建新对象默认不启用IM,如果配置为INMEMORY,表示新创建对象默认启用IM
INMEMORY_QUERY 默认为TRUE,表示查询是否使用IM特性,设置为FALSE表示查询不使用IM特性
INMEMORY_MAX_POPULATE_SERVERS 默认和系统core一致,用途是把你的表中数据写入到IM中
INMEMORY_TRICKLE_REPOPULATE_SERVERS_PERCENT 控制IM中对象数据的重新载入的进程数,该值为INMEMORY_MAX_POPULATE_SERVERS参数的百分比
OPTIMIZER_INMEMORY_AWARE 该参数是控制优化器成本计算时是否考虑IM,默认为TRUE

impdp 操作IM
TRANSFORM=INMEMORY:y 继承IM导出对象属性
TRANSFORM=INMEMORY:n 不继承IM导出对象属性
TRANSFORM=INMEMORY_CLAUSE:string 修改IM导出对象关于IM的属性

参考文档:https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADMIN/memory.htm#ADMIN14257

对于12.1.0.2的In-Memory特性很多朋友都已经知晓,现在可能有这个困惑我一张表启用In-Memory大概需要多少内存呢？该如何估算这个值呢？这里我告诉你通过dbms_compression可以完成你想做的事情
启用In-Memory功能

[oracle@www.xifenfei.com u02]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Thu Aug 7 17:50:47 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     0
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=400M;
alter system set inmemory_size=400M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL>  alter system set inmemory_size=400M scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> show pdbs;
    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 PDB1                           READ WRITE NO
         4 PDB2                           READ WRITE NO
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     0
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 0
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=200M;
alter system set inmemory_size=200M
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=200M scope=spfile;
alter system set inmemory_size=200M scope=spfile
                                               *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02096: specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this
option
SQL> !oerr ora 2096
02096, 00000, "specified initialization parameter is not modifiable with this option"
// *Cause: Though the initialization parameter is modifiable, it cannot be
//         modified using the specified command.
// *Action: Check the DBA guide for information about under what scope
//          the parameter may be modified
SQL> select 200*1024*1024 from dual;
200*1024*1024
-------------
    209715200
SQL>  alter system set inmemory_size=209715200;
 alter system set inmemory_size=209715200
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  838860800 bytes
Fixed Size                  2929936 bytes
Variable Size             360712944 bytes
Database Buffers           50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                5455872 bytes
In-Memory Area            419430400 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     1
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 400M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE
SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     1
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 400M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE
SQL> alter system set inmemory_size=100M;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter inmemory;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
inmemory_clause_default              string
inmemory_force                       string      DEFAULT
inmemory_max_populate_servers        integer     1
inmemory_query                       string      ENABLE
inmemory_size                        big integer 100M
inmemory_trickle_repopulate_servers_ integer     1
optimizer_inmemory_aware             boolean     TRUE

这里可以发现inmemory_query默认为true,但是inmemory_size默认为0,也就是说In-Memory Option默认是关闭的,如果启用直接设置inmemory_size值即可(该值最小值为100M),但是需要注意在cdb中需要重启后生效,pdb需要待cdb生效后才能够设置

估算表设置In-Memory默认需要内存空间

SQL> create user chf identified by xifenfei;
User created.
SQL> grant dba to chf;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> create table chf.t_xifenfei as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> select sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from DBA_segments where segment_name = 'T_XIFENFEI';
SUM(BYTES) SUM(BLOCKS)
---------- -----------
  13631488        1664
SQL> set serveroutput on
DECLARE
l_blkcnt_cmp binary_integer;
l_blkcnt_uncmp binary_integer;
l_row_cmp binary_integer;
l_row_uncmp binary_integer;
l_cmp_ratio number;
SQL>   2    3    4    5    6    7  l_comptype_str varchar2(100);
  8  BEGIN
  9  dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio(
 10  scratchtbsname => upper('&ScratchTBS'),
 11  ownname => upper('&ownername'),
 12  objname => upper('&TableName'),
 13  subobjname => NULL,
 14  comptype => DBMS_COMPRESSION.COMP_INMEMORY_QUERY_LOW,
 15  blkcnt_cmp => l_blkcnt_cmp,
 16  blkcnt_uncmp => l_blkcnt_uncmp,
 17  row_cmp => l_row_cmp,
 18  row_uncmp => l_row_uncmp,
 19  cmp_ratio => l_cmp_ratio,
 20  comptype_str => l_comptype_str
 21  );
 22  dbms_output.put_line('.');
 23  dbms_output.put_line('OUTPUT: ');
 24  dbms_output.put_line('LINEORDER '||l_comptype_str||' ratio: '||to_char(l_cmp_ratio,'99.999'));
 25  end;
 26  /
Enter value for scratchtbs: USERS
old  10: scratchtbsname => upper('&ScratchTBS'),
new  10: scratchtbsname => upper('USERS'),
Enter value for ownername: CHF
old  11: ownname => upper('&ownername'),
new  11: ownname => upper('CHF'),
Enter value for tablename: T_XIFENFEI
old  12: objname => upper('&TableName'),
new  12: objname => upper('T_XIFENFEI'),
.
OUTPUT:
LINEORDER "In-memory Memcompress Query Low" ratio:   2.800
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT 13631488/2.800 FROM DUAL;
13631488/2.800
--------------
    4868388.57
SQL> alter table CHF.T_XIFENFEI inmemory;
Table altered.
SQL> select COUNT(*) FROM CHF.T_XIFENFEI;
  COUNT(*)
----------
     90923
SQL> select inmemory_size from v$im_segments where segment_name = 'T_XIFENFEI';
INMEMORY_SIZE
-------------
      4325376
SQL> select (4868388.57-4325376)/4325376 from dual;
(4868388.57-4325376)/4325376
----------------------------
                  .125541125

这里使用大家在ehcc中熟悉的dbms_compression.get_compression_ratio来估算In-memory需要的大概空间,例如本测试中,创建T_XIFENFEI表占用磁盘空间为13631488byte,使用dbms_compression估算在In-memory默认的压缩比例(Query Low)情况下,大概压缩比例为2.8,也就是通过合理估算,表启用In-memory cache之后,大概需要空间为13631488/2.800=4868388.57byte,最终通过实际测试需要空间为4325376byte,整体误差为(4868388.57-4325376)/4325376=12.5%左右
因此我们在使用In-memory cache一个表之时,如果不确定其需要内存大小,可以通过dbms_compression包来估算.另外In-memory还可以配置不同的压缩级别实现不同的压缩比例,其他压缩比例请见下图


详细link请见:https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ARPLS/d_compress.htm#ARPLS65599